Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan

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Coordinates: 48 ° 23 '46 "  N , 11 ° 43' 45"  E

Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan
legal form State company
founding around 1675
Seat Freising , Bavaria
management Josef Schrädler
Number of employees 143 (2017)
sales EUR 39.6 million (2017)
Branch Brewery
Website www.brauerei-weihenstephan.de

Brewery building of the Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan.
Bear sculpture at the entrance to the Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan.
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The Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan is a brewery owned by the Free State of Bavaria in the buildings of the former Weihenstephan Monastery on the "Weihenstephaner Berg" in the Weihenstephan district of Freising . In 2017 the annual output was 443,772 hectoliters.

history

Establishment date

Until the 1950s, the year 1146 was given as the founding date. Then the Weihenstephan Monastery stated that it was founded in 1040, a good 100 years earlier. Both years come from the same document. In the document dated 1146 and printed in Monumenta Boica in 1767 , the Freising Bishop Egilbert von Moosburg († 1039) is named as the author of the brewery. According to the introduction to the document, the originators of freedom (“ libertatum ”) to keep a beer brewer etc. in the city of Freising, but also Egilbert's various successors (“ successoribus ”) and additionally also emperors and princes (“ Imperatoribus Romanis & aliis principibus ") in question. Abbot Arnold is often claimed as the giver or purchaser of the brewing rights, although this is not proven by a primary source, but he was abbot of the Weihenstephan monastery from 1022 to 1041. At the same time, the document, for the settlement of a dispute between the Weihenstephan monastery and the innkeepers and brewers of the city, in 1146 at the efforts of Abbot Sigmar , testifies to the transfer of the drinking and brewing rights previously exercised in the city of Freising to the monastery or its Hofmark Vötting by Bishop Otto I. von Freising .

All four known traditions of the document, which is considered a forgery, are issued as copies of the notary Arsacius Prunner on behalf of Abbot Eberhard , who also certified them. Abbot Eberhard ruled from 1416 to 1448 - Arsacius Prunner can only be proven as a notary in 1525 and 1526. In the document, the eighth year of Bishop Otto's reign 1146 is counted as the sixth. In it it says “ Date anno from incarnatione Dominica MCXLVI. anno Ottonis venerabilis Episcopi sexto ”. The mention of "Hofmark Vötting" ( Hofmarchiam Vetting ) does not seem credible , because there were no court marks in the sense of the Ottonian Handfests (1311) at that time.

The situation is similar with “ ius pincernandi et praxandi cerevisiam ” (cupbearer and beer brewing right) and “ ius commune ” ( common law ). Brewing only became a lendable right in the course of the 17th century (1640: Preuhäuser-Concessions-Matricul) and the term "common law" only emerged in the course of the main reception of Roman law since the 14th century.

While M. Schlamp speaks of a "seal announcement that was unusual for Otto I's time", according to Bodo Uhl there is no seal in the mention of a trial against Otto I. According to Bodo Uhl, the length of the introduction before the trial is for Otto I. unique. This trial before the Salzburg Metropolitan Court against the city of Freising is still preserved today in a 116-page paper dragonfly and actually took place on November 2, 1429 on the recommendation of Duke Heinrich against Bishop Nicodemus . Previously, in 1421, the mayor and some city councilors had penetrated the monastery wine tavern and, contrary to common law and the freedoms of the monastery, had knocked off the wine barrel, robbed the monastery and since then prevented the monastery from selling wine.

Probably because of a reading error in the list of craftsmen in the process in the certificate, a baker ( pistor ) becomes a painter ( pictor ). If you want to consider Bishop Egilbert as the originator of the brewery, a period between 1021 and 1039 seems more realistic as the time when the brewery was founded, since Bishop Nitker already ruled Freising in 1040 .

According to Bodo Uhl, the only change made by Abbot Tanner in the years 1616–1640 in the 15th century text of the lawsuit was to prefer a brewer ( praxator cerevisiae ) to the first place in a list of craftsmen in order to better emphasize him and to be able to better tie in with the transfer of the brewing rights to the monastery in the 12th century. The aim of the forgery was more of a proof of the monastery’s unrestricted right to brew, probably to be presented to the elector, but that was not the case, than that the brewery was as old as possible. The brewery used this document for the first time in 1723 during an examination of ecclesiastical and aristocratic breweries by a Bavarian investigative commission, where the document was presented by Father Rupert from Oberkeller . The monastery itself probably believed in the authenticity of the document. The earliest clearly datable copy can be found in the chronicle of the forger Abbot Tanners himself.

Numerous hop deliveries from the Hallertau monastery's possessions, recorded in a document from the middle of the 13th century, point to an earlier brewery in Weihenstephan. Freising hop gardens have been mentioned since the 9th century and there is documentary evidence of a brewery in Freising in 1160. According to M. Schlamp (1937) " the monastery brewery [...] Weihenstephan is more than 900 years old and the former prince-bishop's brewery [...] in Freising is no less than 1100 years old ". There are references to monastery breweries from a comparable period in the monastery of St. Columban on Lake Constance (7th century), St. Gallen (10th / 11th century) and Tegernsee (9th century or earlier). The first documented evidence for a brewery in Weihenstephan dates from 1675 in the form of an electoral confirmation document, which was also submitted to the investigative commission in 1723.

State Brewery

Weihenstephan Monastery was dissolved in the course of secularization in Bavaria in 1803. The brewery that existed at that time came into the possession of the Bavarian State and operated as the Königlich Bayerische Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan . The brewery has been called the Bayerische Staatsbrauerei since 1921 . Beer gardens and restaurants called Zum Weihenstephan established themselves in all of Germany's larger cities . There was such a well-frequented pub in Berlin near the Potsdamer Brücke , which had to be closed in 1921. For a long time it was considered a meeting place for writers, artists, officers and civil servants who cultivated intellectual exchange here.

In the 21st century it is a publicly owned enterprise of the Free State of Bavaria a modern, led by private-sector standards companies with sales areas throughout the world. Today's Freising-Weihenstephan campus emerged from the monastery around the brewery .

The director of the brewery is Josef Schrädler (as of 2007).

Awards

  • 2016: Gold Prize at the World Beer Cup , in the South German-Style Hefeweizen category, for Weihenstephaner Hefeweizen beer.
  • 2016: Silver prize at the World Beer Cup , in the German-Style Wheat Ale category, for Weihenstephaner Kristallweißbier.

literature

  • Bodo Uhl, The Hofmarks- and Brewing Rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: Collective sheet of the historical association Freising 29 (1979) pp. 9–48.
  • Gunter Stresow in: From monasteries, churches and clergymen in the 2004 yearbook , Society for the History of Brewing eV (GGB), Berlin 2004
  • Michael Schlamp: From commercial life in the early Middle Ages. On the history of the Freising breweries. In: 19th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 19 , 1935, pp. 53-91 .

Web links

Commons : Bayerische Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Participation report of the Free State of Bavaria 2018. Accessed on February 21, 2019 .
  2. ^ Wilhelm Kaltenstadler: The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Culture of Europe: Roots - Structures - Developments. March 3, 2014, accessed July 28, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 28 .
  4. ↑ a b Michael Schlamp: From the commercial life of the early Middle Ages. On the history of the Freising breweries. In: 19th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 19 , 1935, pp. 53 .
  5. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 36 .
  6. ↑ Rudolf George: Amperland - The pilgrimage to the holy cross in Wippenhausen. Retrieved August 5, 2020 .
  7. ↑ a b c The story of beer - the secret of the wort only knew the Abbot - III - Beer Lexicon. In: bier-lexikon.lauftext.de. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Weihenstephan - It all began in a monastery. Retrieved August 5, 2020 .
  9. ^ The Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan - oldest brewery in the world. Retrieved August 5, 2020 .
  10. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 32 .
  11. ↑ Michael Schlamp: From the commercial life of the early Middle Ages. On the history of the Freising breweries. In: 19th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 19 , 1935, pp. 85 .
  12. ↑ Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 29 f .
  13. ↑ Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 30, 33 .
  14. ↑ Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 29 .
  15. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 30th f .
  16. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 31 .
  17. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 35 .
  18. ↑ Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 37 f .
  19. ↑ a b Bodo Uhl: The Hofmark and brewing rights of the Weihenstephan Monastery. Some remarks on the transmission and forgery of documents from Bishop Otto I. von Freising. In: 29th collection sheet of the historical association Freising . In: Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Collector sheet of the Historischer Verein Freising . tape 29 , 1979, pp. 38 .
  20. ^ Weihenstephan - Potsdamer Bridge. In: staatsbibliothek-berlin.de. Vossische Zeitung , January 5, 1921, accessed November 24, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Dr. Josef Schrädler appointed honorary professor. Technical University of Munich , December 7, 2007, accessed on November 21, 2017 .
  22. ↑ a b list of winners 2016. (PDF) In: worldbeercup.org. Retrieved May 11, 2016 .