Bavarian gentian

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Bavarian gentian
Bavarian gentian (Gentiana bavarica)

Bavarian gentian ( Gentiana bavarica )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Gentians ( Gentiana )
Type : Bavarian gentian
Scientific name
Gentiana bavarica
L.

The Bavarian gentian ( Gentiana bavarica ) is a plant from the genus of gentians ( Gentiana ) within the family of Gentianaceae (Gentianaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora

Vegetative characteristics

The Bavarian gentian is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 15 centimeters. Generative and purely vegetative shoot axes are formed. The flower stalks have no leaf rosette at the base.

The opposite leaves have a smooth edge and are all almost the same size. The lower ones can be smaller and approximated. In addition to the closely spaced rosette leaves, there are two to four pairs of stem leaves. The leaf blades are spatulate or obovate and widest above the center. The tip is blunt and without any cartilage tip.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The flowers stand individually or in groups of one to three in the axils of the upper leaves.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is inflated with keeled or narrowly winged edges. The crown is deep blue to light blue. The corolla tube is cylindrical and lighter. The hem is spread out and shaped like a saucer, over 15 millimeters wide. The tips between the petals are only small teeth or are missing entirely. The stylus is deeply bilobed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

The Bavarian gentian is a hibernating green hemicryptophyte .

Bavarian gentian ( Gentiana bavarica var. Subacaulis ) with the white flowering alpine man's shield ( Androsace alpina )

Occurrence

The Bavarian gentian occurs in the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains . It grows in damp mats, snow valleys , rock rubble and in spring areas on fresh or damp, mostly calcareous , stony soils . It occurs from the subalpine to subnival altitude range . It thrives at altitudes from 1500 to 2500, rarely up to 3600 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises from 1400 meters to an altitude of 2300 meters.

In the Alps, Gentiana bavarica is a character species of the Arabido-Rumicetum nivalis from the association Arabidion caeruleae of the snow-soil societies. But it also occurs in the Caricetum frigidae and in plant communities of the order Montio-Cardaminetalia or the alpine dairy willows (Poion alpinae) or in the variety Gentiana bavarica var. Subacaulis of the association Androsacion alpinae.

Systematics

Gentiana bavarica was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 331.

Of Gentiana bavarica there depending on the author to two varieties:

  • Gentiana bavarica L. var. Bavarica
  • Gentiana bavarica var. Subacaulis Cust. It differs in its significantly shortened stems and numerous leaves that are clustered like roof tiles.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 63 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  757 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 343.

Web links

Commons : Bayerischer Enzian ( Gentiana bavarica )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files