Beijerinckiaceae

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Beijerinckiaceae
Systematics
Classification : Creature
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Alphaproteobacteria
Order : Rhizobiales
Family : Beijerinckiaceae
Scientific name
Beijerinckiaceae
( Garrity et al., 2006)

The Beijerinckiaceae are a family of bacteria. The name refers to the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851-1931). The Beijerinckiaceae belong to the group of Proteobacteria . As is typical for the proteobacteria, the grief test is negative. The genome of Methylocella silvestris has been completely sequenced .

Appearance

The cells of the various species of the Beijerinckiaceae are either cocci or rod-shaped. Methylocapsa aurea shows curved rods. Methyloferula and Methylorosula form rod-shaped cells in Methylovirgula is thin rods, the cells can occur in clusters or rosettes (clusters) are formed. The cells of Beijerinckia are straight or slightly curved rods with rounded ends.

metabolism

All representatives of the Beijerinckiaceae are chemo-organotroph or methanotroph and aerobic . If nitrate is present, Chelatococcus daeguensis and C. sambhunathii can also grow under anaerobic conditions. As far as metabolism is concerned, this group includes very different species. Thus, Beijerinckia and Methylocella nitrogen fixers , they possess the ability to elemental, molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) to bind, by using it to ammonia (NH 3 ) or ammonium (NH 4 + reduce) and thus make the biological metabolism available. One speaks of nitrogen fixation.

There are also methylotrophic and methanotrophic bacteria in the group. Methanotrophic bacteria can use methane and methanol as the only source of carbon for building up the cell substance (assimilation) and for generating energy. Methylotrophic bacteria can also use compounds with several carbon atoms in which no carbon atom is directly connected to another. So is z. B. the genus Methylocella facultative methanotrophic, in Methylocapsa facultative and obligatory methanotrophic species are present. The genus Methylorosula is optional metyhlotroph.

Large inclusion bodies of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid are characteristic of most members of the family . Often one of these inclusions is present at both ends of the mostly rod-shaped to pear-shaped cells.

ecology

The genus Beijerinckia does well in acidic soils, but has also been found in neutral and slightly alkaline soils. It occurs mainly in tropical soils. Other finds come from Idaho ( Snake River Plain , 44 ° north latitude), in British Columbia (Canada, 50 ° north latitude) and one find comes from permanently cold arctic soils in the Arctic (75 ° north latitude).

Systematics

The following genera are included in the family Beijerinckiaceae:

The genus Camelimonas Fighter et al. 2010 was added to the newly established family Chelatococcaceae in 2016 .

swell

  1. ^ A b c Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt and Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes . Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria ISBN 978-3-642-30197-1
  2. ↑ Johannes CG Ottow : Microbiology of Soils: Biodiversity, Ecophysiology and Metagenomics , Springer Verlag, Heidelberg New York 2011, ISBN 3642008232 .
  3. ↑ Hanson RS, Hanson TE (1996) Methanotrophic bacteria. Microbiol Rev 60: 439-471
  4. ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature Beijerinckiaceae . As of March 2, 2019.

literature

  • George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology . 2nd Edition. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria
  • Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt and Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes . Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria ISBN 978-3-642-30197-1