Bellwitz
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Bellwitz
City of Löbau
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 42 ″ N , 14 ° 42 ′ 8 ″ E
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| Area : | 2.61 km² |
| Incorporation : | March 22, 1970 |
| Incorporated into: | Georgewitz-Bellwitz |
| Postal code : | 02708 |
| Area code : | 03585 |
 Location of Bellwitz in the area of the city of Löbau
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Bellwitz ( Upper Sorbian Bělecy ), formerly also Belbitz , is a district of the Saxon town of Löbau in the district of Görlitz in Upper Lusatia . The place is north of the Löbauer city center and east of the Löbauer water . The surrounding districts are Oppeln and Kleinradmeritz in the north, Rosenhain in the east, Georgewitz in the south and Kittlitz in the west.
Place name
The place name Bellwitz is a Slavic name ( bely = white, beautiful) and changed its spelling several times: 1312: Belenwitz , 1348: Belewicz , 1390: Belwicz or Bellowicz , 1504: Belwicz , 1529: Belbitz , 1656: Bölbitz , 1791: Bellwitz , 1875: Belbitz (Bellwitz). Since the beginning of the 20th century, today's spelling Bellwitz has been used in general.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1777 | 13 gardeners, 7 cottagers |
| 1834 | 147 |
| 1871 | 188 |
| 1890 | 257 |
| 1910 | 127 |
| 1925 | 163 |
| 1939 | 153 |
| 1946 | 243 |
history
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Bellwitz originated as a Slavic settlement and was first mentioned in 1312 in connection with a Lodewicus de Bellenwicz . In 1348 the place was owned by a Hannus von Belewicz and is called a manor. The village also includes the districts of Niederbellwitz as well as the Buschmühle located on Rosenhainer Wasser and the "Brick Mill" located on Löbauer Wasser . In 1572 the existing manor was elevated to a manor .
This manor was owned by various noble families until 1945, including the von Belbitz, von Gersdorff and von Heldreich families . In 1602 a distinction was made between the manors Niederbellwitz (Nieder-Belbitz) and Oberbellwitz (Ober-Belbitz). In 1666 Hans von Heldreich acquired Niederbellwitz and sold it to Carl von Rückhardt in 1688. From 1665 the manor Oberbellwitz belonged to Johann Magnus von Gersdorff, who sold his property to his brother-in-law Carl von Rückhardt in 1676, whereby both manors came back into one hand. From 1761 until 1945 Bellwitz belonged to the von Heldreich family without interruption.
The place was closely connected to the neighboring Kittlitz, where the church and cemetery were located. A tomb of the former manor owners of Heldreich with their coat of arms can still be seen on the south side of the church there. The Kittlitz school was also attended by Bellwitz children.
The Löbauer dialect of Sorbian was spoken in Bellwitz until the late 19th century . Arnošt Muka had a total of 159 inhabitants in 1884/85, including 140 Germans and 19 Sorbs (12%). The language change to German was largely completed by this time. In 1956, Ernst Tschernik identified only three Sorbian speakers, not a single young person.
In the course of the bourgeois land reforms in Saxony, all services and taxes of the farmers were replaced by monetary payments until 1860. Nevertheless, the manor continued to dominate the village economy, as a large part of the inhabitants worked there as day laborers, servants and maids. After the First World War, the usable agricultural area decreased significantly, as a larger piece of land east of the village had to be ceded as a parade ground for the Löbauer Reichswehr garrison.
In the course of the land reform after 1945, the Bellwitz manor was expropriated and its land was divided up among 35 landless and poor farmers, often refugees from eastern Germany. In this context, 14 new farms were built in the village. On March 22, 1970 Bellwitz united with the neighboring Georgewitz to form the rural community of Georgewitz-Bellwitz. On March 1, 1994 this was incorporated as a district to Kittlitz. Since Kittlitz was incorporated on January 1, 2003, Bellwitz has also been part of the town of Löbau.
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Niederbellwitz district
About one kilometer from Bellwitz is the Niederbellwitz district, which was created at the intersection of the road from Bellwitz to Kleinradmeritz with the Hohen Landstrasse . Originally there were only four houses here. A manor was built around 1602. To accommodate Polish seasonal workers, a so-called reaper barracks was built for them, which is no longer available today. In addition, there used to be a restaurant Gute Quelle (fly tavern) in the village .
From 1949 to 1951, four new farms and several private homes were built in Niederbellwitz on the former manor land. In 1961 the local LPG had a cattle shed built.
Attractions
- Bellwitz Castle : The castle was built as the manor house of the manor and its basic substance dates from around 1743. At the entrance there are the coats of arms of the former von Heldreich castle owners and the von Braun family, from which the wife of the manor owner Johann Georg Adolf von Heldreich is from came from. On the north side, the originally Baroque building has a door arch from 1791 with the coats of arms of the von Hartitsch, von Gersdorff and von Klix families. The building was rebuilt in the German neo-renaissance style in 1859/60 and in this context received its renaissance gable and a turret with clockwork, which is no longer available today. Several farm buildings and a small park were built at the castle. After 1945 Bellwitz Castle served as a residential building, grocery store, kindergarten and cultural center for the town. Today it is empty, in need of renovation.
- Buschmühle : Outside the village, on Rosenhainer Wasser, is the former Buschmühle, a watermill used as a grain, oil and bone mill. The mill was rebuilt after a fire in 1885 and was last used as a rag-tearing shop until 1933.
- Wallburg : About 800 meters southwest of Bellwitz, on a rocky promontory above the Löbauer Water, there is a former Slavic rampart known as Bielplatz . A few walls of the residential and refuge castle, which was severely impaired by a quarry at the beginning of the 20th century, can still be seen. Finds discovered during excavations in 1904 indicate an origin in the 10th century. Bielplatz has been under protection as a ground monument since 1935 and belongs to the Georgewitzer scale, which is a designated nature reserve .
literature
- Matthias Donath: Bellwitz. Residence of the Heldreichs, in: Lars-Arne Dannenberg , Matthias Donath : Castles in southern Upper Lusatia. (= Schlösser in der Oberlausitz , Volume 2) Elbland, Meißen, September 2008, pp. 122–123.
- Hans and Doris Maresch: Saxony's palaces and castles , Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH u. Co. KG, Husum 2004, ISBN 3-89876-159-2
Web links
- Website about Bellwitz at www.kittlitz-oberlausitz.de
- Bellwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Place name forms of Bellwitz in the digital historical place directory of Saxony
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 253 .
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony , Volume 19 (Amtshauptmannschaft Löbau), Dresden 1910
Altcunnewitz (Stara Chójnica) | Bellwitz (Bělecy) | Carlsbrunn (Karlowa Studnja) | Dolgowitz (Dołhaćicy) | Ebersdorf (Habrachćicy) | Eiserode (Njeznarowy) with Peschen (Stwěšin) | Georgewitz (Korecy) | Glosses (Hłušina) | Großdehsa (DAZIN) | Kittlitz (Ketlicy) with disgrace (Wujer) | Kleinradmeritz (Małe Radměrcy) | Krappe (Chrapow) | Laucha (Luchow) | Lautitz (Łuwoćicy) | Mauschwitz (Mučnica) | Nechen (Njechań) | Neucunnewitz | Neukittlitz | Opole (Wopaleń) | Rosenhain (Rozany) | Wendisch-Cunnersdorf (Serbske Kundraćicy) | Wendisch-Paulsdorf (Serbske Pawlecy) | Wohla (Walowy)