Kittlitz (Löbau)

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Kittlitz
City of Löbau
Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  N , 14 ° 40 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 265 m above sea level NN
Residents : 2057  (December 31, 2017)
Incorporation : January 1, 2003
Postal code : 02708
Area code : 03585
map
Location of Kittlitz in the area of ​​the city of Löbau

Kittlitz ( Upper Sorbian Ketlicy ? / I ) is a village in Upper Lusatia and has been part of the Saxon town of Löbau since 2003 . The parish village is one of the oldest localities in Upper Lusatia and was the ancestral seat of the Lords of Kittlitz , the oldest noble family in Upper Lusatia. Audio file / audio sample

geography

Kittlitz is located about four kilometers north of Löbau city center near the Georgewitzer Skala at the northeastern foot of the Lauchaer Schafberg . Surrounding places are Krappe in the north, Oppeln in the northeast, Bellwitz in the east, Georgewitz in the southeast, Unwürde in the south, Laucha in the southwest, and Carlsbrunn and Wohla in the northwest.

history

View from the König-Friedrich-August-Turm to Kittlitz

Local history

Kittlitz Church

Finds from Neolithic and Bronze Age tools as well as from the early Iron Age prove that the Kittlitz area was already settled in the early days. After the migration of the peoples , the West Slavic tribe of Milzen settled in Upper Lusatia and also built the village of Kittlitz with a castle wall .

Kittlitz was probably the site of a Slavic fortification as early as the 10th century, which later became a moated castle and in the 18th century the castle that is still preserved today . During the time of the German East Settlement , Kittlitz was enlarged by German settlers and used as a mission station for the Christianization of the Sorbs . On April 17, 1348, Heinrich von Kittlitz confirmed to another King Charles IV that he was exempt from taxes as well as lower and upper jurisdiction , the latter being transferred to the city of Löbau in the same century.

Spiritually, Kittlitz also had far-reaching influence at this time. Before the city was founded, the church already looked after 31 locations. It is therefore not surprising that the 11th century chapel was replaced by the construction of a Gothic church building in 1252.

View from Weißenberger Landstrasse to the church and the entrance to the rectory
Kittlitz cemetery near Löbau: von Hundsche crypt

In the middle of the 14th century, rule over the two local manors was passed to the von Nostitz family and the von Gussigk family. It was not until the 18th century that both came back into one hand and from 1750 belonged to Karl Gotthelf von Hund and Altengrotkau . A new church was built under his rule, which stretched from 1749 to 1775. The walled-in tombstone of Friczko von Nostitz, on which the year 1288 can be read, is striking.

In the course of the Wars of Liberation , Kittlitz was a military camp site at the beginning of the 19th century.

On April 1, 1894, construction of the Löbau – Weißenberg branch line began . It was inaugurated on August 1st of the following year and brought Kittlitz a rail connection. Passenger and freight traffic was discontinued on May 27, 1972 and the line was later dismantled.

Since 1909 the manor Kittlitz belonged to the baronial family von Salza and Lichtenau .

Towards the end of the Second World War, the residents left the village from April 18 to 28 and from May 6 to 12, 1945. After the war, the Kittlitz manor was expropriated from the von Salza and Lichtenau family and the family expelled. The municipal administration moved into the castle. A crèche, a kindergarten, the after-school care center and the school kitchen were also housed here. There was also space for a dentist and a community nurse and several apartments.

Kittlitz Castle

After the fall of the Wall , the municipality, which had grown enormously as a result of the municipal reform in 1994, made various investments. Four of them later turned out to be municipal bad investments, through which a mountain of debt of 21.6 million euros was accumulated, which led to the community becoming unable to act. The Saxon state government initiated out a merger with Löbau, which came into the city on negative criticism and in Kittlitz through a referendum was rejected.

After various commitments by the Free State, a second referendum finally produced the result desired by the state government. The city of Löbau was assured that the Free State of Saxony would take over the annual interest on 5 million euros in debts of the city for an industrial area that was not for sale for five years. With the incorporation into Löbau, the city and the Free State each assumed half of the community's debts. As a result, the per capita debt in Löbau rose from 871 to 1200 euros.

Neukittlitz district

Kittlitz Castle, park side

The origin of the small settlement north of the Kittlitz village center is a brickworks with kiln and clay pit belonging to the Kittlitz manor, which Karl Gotthelf Freiherr von Hund and Altengrotkau had built in the 18th century in connection with the new building of the Kittlitz church and the expansion of two manors. A little later a small day laborer settlement with twelve properties was built here .

In 1912, a Vorwerk of the Kittlitzer manor was set up in Neukittlitz , the buildings of which are still preserved. This Vorwerk was mainly used for calf breeding. A cartouche on the stable building with a monogram reminds of the former owners, the von Salza family .

With the introduction of the street names in Kittlitz, the settlement received the official name Neukittlitz. In 2003 it was incorporated into Löbau together with the town and is now one of the 32 official districts of the large district town of Löbau. Not far from Neukittlitz, on the Glossener Flösschen in the direction of Krappe, is the Eternal Fallow parcel. In the Middle Ages, the plague dead were buried here outside of populated areas.

Incorporations

On April 1, 1938, the neighboring communities of Laucha and Unwürde were incorporated. They were followed on April 1, 1974 by the communities Carlsbrunn, Krappe, Oppeln and Wohla. In the course of the Saxon municipal reform, the municipalities of Georgewitz-Bellwitz, Kleinradmeritz and Lautitz were incorporated into Kittlitz on March 1, 1994, so that the municipality was enlarged to 34 square kilometers and around 2800 inhabitants. The 15 districts of the large community were Alt-Cunnewitz , Bellwitz , Carlsbrunn , Georgewitz , Glossen , Kittlitz, Kleinradmeritz , Krappe , Laucha , Lautitz , Mauschwitz , Neu-Cunnewitz , Neukittlitz, Oppeln and Wohla . Unworthiness had grown together with Kittlitz so much that it was no longer designated as a district.

On January 1, 2003, Kittlitz was incorporated into Löbau.

Population development

year Residents
1834 477
1871 624
1890 671
1910 812
1925 769
1939 1,170
1946 1,508
1950 1,570
1964 1.313
1990 1,739
1993 1,681
1998 2,839
2002 2,721

In 1777 there were 32 gardeners and 30 cottagers in Kittlitz .

The first population survey in Saxony, in which not the ownership structure, but each individual inhabitant was counted equally, took place in 1834. The population increased within half a century from 477 inhabitants to 671 in 1890.

Arnošt Muka determined at the beginning of the 1880s that the population at that time still consisted of about one third Sorbs and two thirds Germans. Of the 674 identified residents, 229 were Sorbs. They spoke the Löbauer dialect of Upper Sorbian. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 3.1% in the municipality of Kittlitz, or a total of 47 speakers. The last Sorbian mass in the Kittlitz Church was held under Pastor Mroßak in 1926/27. The bilingual grave monuments of pastors Johann Karl Rentsch and Michael Domaschke as well as that of the Sorbian composer Korla Awgust Kocor , who was cantor in Kittlitz for decades, can be found in the cemetery .

By 1910 there was a further population growth to 812 inhabitants, after which it fell to 769 by 1925. With the incorporation of Laucha and Unworthiness, the number of inhabitants rose to almost 1200 by 1939. After the end of the war, many refugees found refuge in Kittlitz, so that the population grew to over 1500.

The subsequent decrease in population could be compensated by incorporations in 1974, so that the community had over 1700 inhabitants in 1990. Up to 1993 there was a decrease to 1681 inhabitants, but due to the subsequent reform of the municipality the municipality grew to over 2700 inhabitants. Until the incorporation in 2003, the population ranged between 2700 and 2900 inhabitants.

In 1925, with 749 people, 97% of the population were members of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church.

Place name

Forms of name from Kittlitz include the personal names Chideliz (1160), Kiteliz (1185), Kithelicz (1290) and Kethelicz (1319) as well as the resulting place names Kitlicz (1390) and Kytlitz (1491). The form Kittlitz is documented for the year 1529. The Sorbian form of the name Ketlicy is documented for the year 1843. It developed from Ketlize and Kettlizy (18th century).

Jan Meschgang (1973) and Hans Walther and Ernst Eichler (1975) assume a personal name as the origin of the German and Sorbian place names . Meschgang explicitly excludes an origin from the Sorbian koteł "boiler" due to the spelling with -e- and -i- .

Local transport

Kittlitz is served by several bus routes operated by the Dreiländereck (KVG) transport company. For example, there are connections to Weißenberg and Löbau . Some trips are offered as a call bus trip .

Evangelical parish

Pastor
  • Christian Friedrich Brahz (born September 16, 1723 in Voigtshagen , district of Greifenberg i. Pom. , † 1796 in Kittlitz), educator and Protestant pastor, took over the pastoral office in Kittlitz on October 27, 1753, which he held until his death.

Personalities

Native Kittlitz personalities include:

In Kittlitz, the Sorbian musician and composer Korla Awgust Kocor (1822-1904) took the position of teacher and organist in 1852. After his retirement he stayed in Kittlitz, where most of his famous compositions were written. The gardener and non-fiction author Max Jubisch took over the gardening business in Kittlitz in 1881 and worked there until the end of his life.

Sources and further references

literature

  • Between Löbau and Herrnhut (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 56). 1st edition. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-0935-7 , pp. 67-72.
  • Peter Altmann / Lars-Arne Dannenberg (eds.): Kittlitz - Village and Rulership in History , Görlitz / Zittau 2010.
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Kittlitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 242.
  • Karl-Heinz Noack: From the history of the village of Kittlitz and its surrounding places (on the occasion of the 850th anniversary of Kittlitz), Spitzkunnersdorf 2010. ISBN 978-3-941908-07-9 .
  • Johannes Georg Rentsch: History of the Church and Church Tour Kittlitz . Bautzen 1884.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Info on Neukittlitz at www.loebaufoto.de
  2. ↑ a b Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1st, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
  3. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
  4. ^ Kittlitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  5. ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved September 12, 2008 .
  6. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 105 .
  7. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 253 .
  8. ↑ Peter Altmann, Lars-Arne Dannenberg (ed.): Kittlitz. Village and rulership in history 1160–2010 . Görlitz / Zittau, 2010, p. 271.
  9. ^ Jan Meschgang: The place names of Upper Lusatia . 2nd Edition. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1979, p. 59 (edited by Ernst Eichler ).
  10. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 127 .
  11. ↑ Lusatian Monthly Publication , Volume 1, Görlitz 1797, pp. 252–254, No. 28 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Kittlitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the Kingdom of Saxony: Kittlitz  - sources and full texts