Mountain smock

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Theodor Körner as a mountain student in Freiberg

The mountain smock is part of the traditional costume of the mountain and hut people . Since the ores were often smelted in the immediate vicinity of the mines, this mining tradition was also adopted by the smelters.

cut

The cut of the mountain smock is specific for each region. Often applications or embroidery on the sleeves and on the collar show the exact occupation of the wearer ( mallets and irons : miners, crucible tongs and deslagging irons : smelters). In Austria and Germany there is an older "white", the so-called Maximilian miner costume "and a younger" black "costume. The Maximilian costume, which dates back to the Middle Ages, consisted of a hooded coat and ass leather . As a festive costume, the coat is made of white linen, as a work costume it was made of coarse, brown wool. The "black" miner's costume, which is now in common use, was created in Saxony at the beginning of the 18th century.

carrier

Mountain smocks are regularly worn by miners at celebrations as well as by miners 'associations, miners' choirs and similar associations for the maintenance of customs at public appearances. The mountain smock is worn as traditional clothing at mining academies . Until 1969 the mountain smock was worn as a school uniform at mountain schools .

Student associations

Members of the mining student associations wear the mountain smock instead of the usual pekesche .

Germany

In Clausthal u. a. the active members of the connections Landsmannschaft Alemannia-Silesia to Clausthal in the Coburg Convent , Turnerschaft Rheno-Germania zu Clausthal in the Coburger Convent, Free Burschenschaft Schlägel und Eisen, Alte Freiberg Burschenschaft Glückauf zu Clausthal , AV Glückauf-Salia Clausthal in CV and KV, VDSt Clausthal, Clausthaler Wingolf Catena , as well as the three Corps , Corps Borussia, Corps Hercynia and Corps Montania , Bergkittel zu Couleur. The active members of ASV Barbara and AV Kristall also wear mountain smocks at official events. As a former Clausthal student union, the K.St.V. Abraxas-Rheinpreussen from Dresden wear their mountain smock on festive occasions.

In Freiberg it is worn by active members of the VDSt Freiberg and the Academic Sports Association "Alte Elisabeth", in Aachen with the Corps Franconia Fribergensis and Corps Palaeo-Teutonia Aachen (formerly Teutonia Freiberg) (only students of mining).

In addition, in Bochum, the active members of the VDSt Breslau-Bochum wear mountain coats to highly official events.

The Berg- und Hüttenmännischen Verein wears mountain coats at all of its locations in Aachen, Berlin, Clausthal and Freiberg. It also serves as a festival costume at the Agricola Academic Association .

Austria

At the Montan University Leoben , the mountain smock is part of the academic costume and is worn by professors and students on official occasions such as the leather jump . It enjoys great esteem and is also accepted as evening wear . In the 19th century, like other traditions, the black miner's costume was mainly adopted by the Schemnitz Mining Academy .

Poland

The CV connection AV Salia-Silesia to Opole in Poland also wears a mountain smock to demonstrate its attachment to the Upper Silesian homeland.

See also

literature

  • GE Rost: Costumes of the miners and smelters in the Kingdom of Saxony: according to the latest regulations with scenic surroundings from the various mining authority districts drawn from nature, engraved in copper and faithfully colored . Freiberg 1831.
  • Otto Dünbier: The buddy . About the manners, customs and language of the German miner. Third volume. Be-Vau, Düsseldorf 1936, The miners' costume, p. 115-171 .
  • Karl-Ewald Fritzsch , Friedrich Sieber : Mining costumes of the 18th century in the Ore Mountains and in the Mansfeld region . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1957, p. 79 .
  • Georg Agricola : De Re Metallica Libri XII . Twelve books on mining and metallurgy. Unchanged reprint of the first edition by VDI-Verlag, 1928 edition. Marixverlag, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-86539-097-8 (Latin).
  • Gunther Galinsky (Ed.): Reymann . Photo documentarists in the mountain town of Freiberg 1865–1945. 2nd improved edition. Fotokinoverlag, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7311-0003-7 .
  • Eduard Heuchler: The miner's curriculum vitae . Ed .: Hanns Freydank. 2nd revised edition with an afterword by Hanns Freydank. Glückauf, Essen 1940, p. 62 .

Web links

Commons : Miner's habit  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra : Bergmeister life and work in Marienberg . from 1. Decbr. 1767 to Aug. 1779. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00569-6 , p. 125–129 (reprint [of the edition] Freyberg 1818).