Schemnitz Mining Academy
The Bergakademie Schemnitz was an Austrian, later Hungarian mining academy founded between 1762 and 1770 in Schemnitz ( Banská Štiavnica ) in what is now central Slovakia.
history
A direct forerunner of the Bergakademie was the Bergschule (Berg Schola) founded in 1735 , which initially built on the older forms of training of future mining officials. Following a request from the Prague mining official Johann Thaddäus Anton Peithner , the Vienna central authorities decided at the end of 1762 to found a practical mountain school for the entire Habsburg Empire. This institution, which was implemented at the beginning in a more modest form, was until 1770 gradually to a full mining academy (name: to 1770 practical training school , from 1770 to 1846 Mining Academy , 1846-1904 Mining and Forestry Academy , 1904-1919 Mining and Forestry College ) get extended.
In 1763, the Viennese botanist and chemist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin , who came from the Austrian Netherlands, was appointed to the first chair (at the chair for chemistry , mineralogy and metallurgy ). However, he did not begin his lectures until a year later. In 1765 the Vienna Court Chamber appointed the Graz Jesuit Father Nicolaus Poda von Neuhaus to the newly established chair for mathematics , physics and mechanics . After all, Christoph Traugott Delius was the last professor in this initial phase of the Bergakademie to take the chair for mining science and mining cameralistics . With the establishment of this third chair, the range of courses was completed according to the structure of mining knowledge at that time. The whole course was given a binding framework in the form of a curriculum and the school (probably following the Freiberg model) was renamed the Bergakademie. At the same time as the Bergakademie founded in 1765/66 in Freiberg / Saxony , the first academic training institute in the field of mining sciences was created .
Especially in the field of chemical sciences, the training enjoyed a high international reputation. Under Jacquin's successors Giovanni Antonio Scopoli and Anton von Ruprecht , practical training in the laboratory continued to have a special place. This was also recognized by the foreign visitors.
The number of students at the academy grew continuously during this period until the middle of the 19th century. However, this fact not only had a positive effect on the teaching of the Bergakademie. The lack of personnel and, at times, neglected material resources had increasingly negative effects on the quality of training. These developments led to critical phenomena which one did not try to counter successfully in the early 1830s and mid-1840s. Several attempts at reform were made, but they did not take a systematic form until the middle of the 19th century.
The sharp rise in other technical educational offers in the first half of the 19th century, the massive crisis of the revolutionary years 1848/1849 , when most of the students moved to the new Montanistic University in Leoben , today's Montanuniversität Leoben , and the Magyarization of teaching after the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867 pushed the academy into marginality, which was also externally associated with the decline of the Schemnitz mining industry. Around 1900 several unsuccessful initiatives were started to move the university from Schemnitz to Budapest.
The establishment of Czechoslovakia in the winter of 1918/19 finally led to the departure of the professors to Sopron in Hungary the following year , where the school still exists today as a West Hungarian University . A chemistry, mining and forestry technical college was founded in the area of the university, some of which are still in operation today.
Professors and other teachers before 1848
Chair for Chemistry, Mineralogy and Metallurgy:
- 1763–1769 Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
- 1769–1777 Johann Scopoli
- 1779–1792 Anton Leopold Rupprecht von Eggenberg (Hungarian Ruprecht Antál)
- 1792–1810 Michael Ignaz Patzier
- 1810-1820 Michael Höring
- 1820–1835 Alois Peter Wehrle
- 1835–1837 Joseph Ertl (as substitute)
- 1837-1851 Joseph Bachmann
Chair of Mathematics and Physics:
- 1765–1771 Nicolaus Poda von Neuhaus
- 1771–1780 Carl Thierenberger
- 1780–1788 Johann Baptist Szeleczký
- 1788–1790 Karl Haidinger
- 1791–1792 Johann Lill (as substitute)
- 1792–1798 Andreas Prybila
- 1798–1805 Johann Möhling
- 1805–1809 Franz Xaver Reichetzer
- 1809–1833 Joseph Schitko
- 1834–1841 Johann Adriany (as substitute)
- 1841–1847 György (Georg) Nyáry (as representative)
- 1847–1849 Christian Doppler
Chair of Mining Studies and Mining Law:
- 1770–1772 Christoph Traugott Delius
- 1772–1777 Johann Thaddäus Anton Peithner
- 1777–1809 alternately taught by professors of mathematics and chemistry
- 1809–1812 Franz Xaver Reichetzer
- 1812–1841 Johann Nepomuk Lang von Hanstadt
- 1841–1844 Ferdinand Landerer (as representative)
- 1844–1849 Johann Adriany (until 1847 as a substitute)
Forest Institute:
- 1808–1832 Heinrich David Wilckens
- 1835–1847 Rudolph von Feistmantel
literature
- Gustav Faller: History of the royal mining and forest academy in Schemnitz. Joerges, Schemnitz 1868, ( digitized version ).
- Peter Konečný: The mining education in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1763-1848. In: Hartmut Schleiff, Peter Konečný (Eds.): State, mining and mining academy. Mining experts in the 18th and early 19th centuries (= quarterly for social and economic history . Supplements. 223). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-515-10364-0 , pp. 95-124.
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 27 '33 " N , 18 ° 53' 52" E