Christian Doppler

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Christian Doppler, portrait drawing

Christian Andreas Doppler (born November 29, 1803 in Salzburg , † March 17, 1853 in Venice ) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist . He is known for the Doppler effect and the Doppler temperature named after him .

Life

Christian Doppler Birthplace (Salzburg, Makartplatz 1)
Memorial plaque on Doppler's birthplace
Commemorative plaque to the time when he taught at the Austrian Karl Ferdinand University and lived in the house U Obecního dvora 7 in Prague
Doppler's house in Prague

Christian Doppler's father was a stonemason in Salzburg. Because of his weak physical constitution, Christian Doppler himself was not up to the demands of this profession and studied mathematics as well as physics and philosophy in Salzburg at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna . From 1829 he worked as an assistant at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna and published his first publications. From 1835 he taught mathematics and physics at a secondary school in Prague and later at the Prague Polytechnic Institute (about the rank of today's technical college ). In 1840 he became an associate member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences. In 1841 he was appointed full professor of mathematics and physics at the Prague Polytechnic Institute.

During his time as a professor in Prague, he published more than 50 scientific papers on physics, mathematics and astronomy . He read his main work, About the colored light of the double stars and some other stars in the sky , on May 25, 1842 in front of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences . His hypothesis that the color of the stars is based on the change in distance during the emission of light was already untenable according to the knowledge of the astronomers at the time - the star movement is far too slow for that. But his efforts for recognition led to an early experimental proof of the acoustic, according to him Doppler effect named phenomenon - the first steam locomotives were for just fast enough - so that was connected with the effect his name.

During the turmoil of the revolution of March 1848 he and his family moved to Vienna in 1850 by Emperor Franz Joseph I to the director of the Physics Institute of the University of Vienna appointed. He was the first professor for experimental physics in old Austria. In his professional activity, Doppler was always supported by his highly intelligent wife Mathilde.

1853 died Doppler in time for Empire of Austria counting Venice ; In 1852 he moved to the mild climate of the city because of his pneumonia . In the cemetery of San Michele there is a memorial plaque at the entrance, but his actual grave in this cemetery is no longer known.

Memorial plaque on Christan Doppler's house where he died in San Marco in Venice
Memorial plaque in the San Michele cemetery in Venice

family

On April 11, 1836, Doppler married Mathilde Sturm (1813–1874), ten years younger daughter of a Salzburg goldsmith, in the parish church of Mülln . The couple had five children between 1837 and 1844 who were raised in Prague and Vienna: Mathilde (1837–1913), Ludwig (1838–1906), Adolf (1840–1916), Berta (1843–1904) and Hermann (1844– 1881).

Honors

On his 100th birthday, a memorial plaque was placed on the house where he was born and where he lived in Salzburg opposite the Salzburg State Theater ; there had been one in Vienna for a long time. The Christian Doppler Fund aims to make Doppler's name and work better known and to support research into the use of the Doppler effect.

The Salzburg state government has been awarding the Christian Doppler Prize for scientific and technical achievements and inventions since 1972 . The Christian Doppler Research Society (CDG) acts as the sponsor of the Christian Doppler Laboratories , which were founded at Austrian university institutes to promote application-oriented basic research .

There is a Christian-Doppler-Gymnasium in Salzburg ; the former State Neurological Clinic was renamed the Christian Doppler Clinic . The House of Nature in Salzburg has an extensive permanent Christian Doppler exhibition. On the back of the moon there is a crater named after Doppler.

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the Doppler effect, the Austrian Post issued the special stamp “150 Years of the Doppler Principle” in 1992.

The asteroid (3905) Doppler , discovered on August 28, 1984, was named after him in 1996. The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names named the Doppler Nunatak in Antarctica in his honor in 1987 .

On the occasion of his 200th birthday, a bust of him was erected in 2003 in the Christian Doppler Clinic in Salzburg.

In Salzburg, Christian-Doppler-Strasse near the Christian-Doppler-Gymnasium and Christian-Doppler-Platz in front of the airport are named after him.

Works

  • Treatises . Engelmann, Leipzig 1907 (Ostwald's classic, editor Hendrik Antoon Lorentz ) ( digitized version ).
  • Writings from the early days of astrophysics . Deutschmann, Frankfurt / M. 2000, ISBN 3-8171-3161-5 . (Repr. Of the Leipzig edition, 1907).
  • About the colored light of the double stars and some other stars in the sky . Treatises of the Bohemian Society of Sciences, Series 5, Volume 2, 1842, p. 465, and separate print, Prague 1842.
    • Expanded by Doppler to the movement of observer and source in Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Volume 68, 1846, pp. 1-35
  • About the colored light of the double stars and some other stars in the sky . (Re-edited by František Josef Studnička, Prague 1903). (Full text online at archive.org )
  • About a major improvement in the catoptric microscope . Borrosch & André, Prague 1845.

See also

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Doppler, Christian . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 3rd part. Typogr.-literar.-artist publishing house. Establishment (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1858, pp. 370–372 ( digitized version ).
  • Eugen Lommel:  Doppler, Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 345 f.
  • Friedrich Klemm:  Doppler, Andreas Christian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 76 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Alec Eden: Christian Doppler: Life and Work. Salzburg: Landespressebureau, 1988. ISBN 3-85015-069-0
  • Alec Eden: The search for Christian Doppler , Springer 1992
  • Christian Doppler (1803-1853) . Vienna: Böhlau, 1992.
    • Vol. 1: ISBN 3-205-05483-0
      • 1st part: Helmuth Grössing (with the assistance of B. Reischl): Science, Life, Environment, Society ;
      • Part 2: Karl Kadletz (with the collaboration of Peter Schuster and Ildikó Cazan-Simányi) annex .
    • Vol. 2: ISBN 3-205-05508-X
      • 3rd part: Peter Schuster: The work .
  • Peter M. Schuster: Creation Week Day One - Christian Doppler in homage . Pöllauberg: Living Edition, 2003. ISBN 3-901585-02-8 (Poem, with tempera pictures by Helmut Krumpl as well as notes and time table)
  • Peter M. Schuster: World shattering - unknown: the life and work of the physicist Christian Doppler and the world after . Pöllauberg: Living Edition, 2003. ISBN 3-901585-03-6
  • Peter M. Schuster: Moving the Stars - Christian Doppler: His Life, His Works and Principle, and the World After . Pöllauberg: Living Edition, 2005. ISBN 3-901585-05-2 (translated into English by Lily Wilmes)
  • Robert Hoffmann: On the trail of an (almost) unknown. Christian Doppler's youth in Salzburg and Vienna. In: Announcements of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 145th year, 2005, 161–176.
  • Robert Hoffmann: The Life of an (almost) Unknown Person. Christian Doppler's Youth in Salzburg and Vienna. In: Ewald Hiebl, Maurizio Musso (Eds.), Christian Doppler - Life and Work. Principle of Applications. Proceedings of the Commemorative Symposia in Salzburg - Salzburg, Prague, Vienna Vinice. Pöllauberg / Austria, Hainault / UK, Atascadero / USA 2007, pp. 33–46.
  • AE Woodruff: Doppler, Johann Christian . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 4 : Richard Dedekind - Firmicus Maternus . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1971, p. 167-168 .
  • Clemens M. Hutter: Christian Doppler . Verlag Anton Pustet, Salzburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7025-0851-7 .

Web links

Commons : Christian Doppler  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Christian Doppler  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Baptismal Register - TFB5 | Salzburg-St. Andrae | Salzburg, rk. Diocese | Austria | Matricula Online. Retrieved October 25, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Entry on Christian Doppler in the Austria Forum accessed on April 30, 2011
  3. ↑ Christian Pinter: Mistake with serious consequences. Wiener Zeitung, June 5, 2011, accessed on June 4, 2015 .
  4. ^ Peter M. Schuster: Creation Week, day one. Living Edition, 2003, ISBN 978-3-901585-02-9 , p. 59 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  5. ↑ Internet presence of the Christian Doppler Fund. Retrieved June 4, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Rupert Ursin receives Christian Doppler Prize 2009. Online newspaper of the University of Vienna, accessed on June 4, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Internet presence of the Christian Doppler Research Society. Retrieved June 4, 2014 .
  8. ^ Doppler show. Website of the House of Nature in Salzburg, accessed on June 5, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Doppler the-moon.wikispaces.com; Doppler (crater) engl. Wikipedia
  10. ↑ Entry on Christian Doppler in the Austria Forum  (as a stamp illustration)
  11. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 27734
  12. ↑ http://www.salzburg.com/wiki/index.php/Christian_Doppler Christian Doppler, Salzburgwiki, salzburg.com, accessed July 15, 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Doppler, Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Doppler, Christian Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian mathematician and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1853
Place of death Venice