Karl Haidinger

Bernhard Albrecht Moll : Karl Haidinger, 1783.

Karl Maria Haidinger (born July 10, 1756 in Vienna ; † March 16, 1797 there ) was an Austrian mineralogist and mining scientist .

life and work

Haidinger was the son of an overseer at the large poor yard in Vienna. He studied mathematics and astronomy.

Adjunct at the natural history cabinet

Title page of Haidinger's first work with vignette by Jakob Adam , 1782.

In 1780 he became an adjunct at the Imperial Natural History Cabinet , which was headed by the mineralogist Ignaz von Born (1742–1791). He also joined the Freemason Lodge on True Unity , the master of which was Born. In 1782 he published an overview of the division of the k. k. Natural collection. In the same year he was given the opportunity to take part in an expedition to other parts of the world financed by Emperor Joseph II , but gave up when Born appointed the botanist Franz Joseph Märter to head it.

Classification of mountain types

Beginning of the first edition of Haidinger's classification of mountain types, 1786.

In 1785 Haidinger published a list of the types of salt and stone in the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Galicia (now Poland). At the same time he received a prize from the Imperial Petersburg Academy of Sciences for his design of a systematic division of mountain species . Although Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749-1817) in Freiberg knew Haidinger's writing when he published his first classification of mountain types in 1786, the two are said not to have influenced each other.

Introduction of the amalgam process

In the same year 1785 Haidinger in Schemnitz ( Banská Štiavnica ) in Lower Hungary (now Slovakia) was involved in the introduction of the amalgam process developed by Born for the extraction of gold and silver from ores . In 1786 he introduced this in the neighboring glassworks ( Sklené Teplice ) and in Joachimsthal ( Jáchymov ) in western Bohemia . He was a member of the international mining society founded in Glashütte in 1786 . In 1788 he was appointed mountain ridge and professor of mathematics and mechanics at the Bergakademie Schemnitz .

Business spy in Great Britain

Admired by Haidinger: the Iron Bridge near Coalbrookdale, built in 1779 .

From 1790 Haidinger was again active in Vienna as an advisor to the court chamber in coinage and mining . In 1793 he became a member of the Leopoldina . In 1795 he was sent to Great Britain with four companions to study the extraction and use of coal. In letters that were well worth reading, he expressed his astonishment at the extent to which the machine had already replaced craft there. At Boulton & Watt in Birmingham he admired a facility that could mint 350,000 coins of perfect quality in twelve hours; at Coalbrookdale , he admired the world's first iron bridge , built in 1779 .

Shortly after this seven-month mission as an industrial spy, Haidinger died at the age of only 40. As with Born, who was 49 years old, the use of mercury in the amalgam procedure could have contributed to his early death. His grave is in the Währing cemetery .

progeny

Two of the four sons from Haidinger's marriage to the daughter of the Government Councilor Josepha Schwab, Eugen (1790–1861) and Rudolf (1792–1866), founded the Haidinger Brothers porcelain factory in Elbogen in western Bohemia in 1811 . After several years abroad, its management was taken over by the youngest son Wilhelm (1795–1871) in 1827 . In 1840 he was called to Vienna as Bergrat, and in 1849 he was appointed director of the newly founded Geological Reichsanstalt (today the Federal Geological Institute ). Haidinger's only daughter Sidonia (1797–1843) married Ferdinand von Thinnfeld, who was Minister for State Culture and Mining from 1848–1853.

Fonts

Dispositio rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarii Vindobonensis edita a Carolo Haidinger ejusdem musei adjuncto. Christianus Fridericus Wappler, Vindobonae 1782 ( digitized version ); German edition: division of the emperors. royal Natural collection in Vienna. Edited by Karl Haidinger, adjuncts at the k. k. Natural history cabinet . Christian Friedrich Wappler, Vienna 1782 ( digitized version ).

Description of a rare fossilization from the Gien Mussel family (,) by Karl Haidinger, Adjunkten am k. k. Natural produce cabinets. In: Ignaz Edler von Born (Hrsg.): Physical work of the friendly friends in Vienna. 1st year, 1785, 3rd quarter, pp. 87–89 ( digitized version ).

List of all types of salt and stone breaking into the Wieliczka salt works in the Kingdom of Galicia . By Karl Haidinger (,) adjuncts at the k. k. Natural produce cabinets. In: Ignaz Edler von Born (Hrsg.): Physical work of the unifying friends in Vienna, 1st year, 1785, 4th quarter, pp. 1–20 ( digitized version ).

Of Mr. Karl Haidinger, adjunct at the k. k. Naturalienkabinet in Vienna (,) Draft of a systematic classification of mountain species; on the occasion of the price question for the year 1785 put up by the imperial Petersburg Academy of Sciences . In Ignaz Edler von Born (Ed.): Physical works of the unanimous friends in Vienna, 2nd year, 1786, 2nd quarter, pp. 23-104 ( Digitized version ); unchanged separate print under the outer title: Systematic division of the mountain types (,) by Karl Haidinger, Adjunkten am k. k. Natural history cabinet in Vienna. (...) Christian Fridrich (sic) Wappler, Vienna 1787 ( digitized ).

Something about the passage of the leaves in fossils , about sapphire , ruby , and spinel . From the k. k. Bergrath Karl Haidinger. In: Recent treatises of the k. Bohemian Society of Sciences, Volume 2, J. G. Calwe, Prague 1795, pp. 95–123 ( digitized version ).

On the history of industrial endeavors in Austria. 1795, August 31–1796, April 7. Fifteen letters from Karl Haidinger to Count Franz v. Saurau, re. His trip to industrial establishments in England, and his experiences there in matters of factories, manufactures and coal mining. In: Steiermärkische Geschichtsblätter (Graz), 4th year, 1883, pp. 141–168 ( digitized version ).

Secondary literature

Address of the w. M. W. Haidinger handing over a copy of the lithograph in memory of his father Karl Haidinger. In: Meeting reports of the mathematical and natural science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Volume 21, year 1856, pp. 319–322 ( digitized version ).
Leopold Joseph Fitzinger : history of the kais. Hof-Naturalien-Cabinetes (1st division). In: Meeting reports of the mathematical and natural science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Volume 21, year 1856, pp. 433–479, here: pp. 449 ff. ( Digitized version ).
Constantin von Wurzbach : Haidinger, Karl . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1861, pp. 206–208 ( digitized version ).
Carl Wilhelm von Gümbel : Haidinger, Carl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 380 f.
Helmut W. Flügel : Carl Maria Haidinger and Abraham Gottlob Werner's “Classifications” of the “Mountain Types” from 1787 . In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute (Vienna), Volume 143, Issue 4, pp. 535-541, December 2003 ( digitized version ).

References and comments

↑ Dispositio rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarii Vindobonensis edita a Carolo Haidinger ejusdem musei adjuncto. Christianus Fridericus Wappler, Vindobonae 1782 ( digitized version ); German edition: division of the emperors. royal Natural collection in Vienna. Edited by Karl Haidinger, adjuncts at the k. k. Natural history cabinet . Christian Friedrich Wappler, Vienna 1782 ( digitized version ).
^ Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin: Plantarum rariorum horti cæsarei Schœnbrunnensis descriptiones et icones. Volume 1, C. F. Wappler, Viennæ 1797, p. III ( digitized version ).
↑ List of all types of salt and stone breaking into the Wieliczka saltworks in the Kingdom of Galicia . By Karl Haidinger (,) adjuncts at the k. k. Natural produce cabinets. In: Ignaz Edler von Born (Hrsg.): Physical work of the unifying friends in Vienna, 1st year, 1785, 4th quarter, pp. 1–20 ( digitized version ).
^ First printing: Des Herr Karl Haidinger, Adjunkten am k. k. Naturalienkabinet in Vienna (,) Draft of a systematic classification of mountain species; on the occasion of the price question for the year 1785 put up by the imperial Petersburg Academy of Sciences . In Ignaz Edler von Born (Ed.): Physical works of the unanimous friends in Vienna, 2nd year, 1786, 2nd quarter, pp. 23-104 ( Digitized version ).
↑ Abraham Gottlob Werner : Brief classification and description of the various types of mountain. In: Treatises of the Bohemian Society of Sciences to the year 1786 (…) Walther, Prague / Dresden 1786 ( digitized version), pp. 272–297, here: p. 273 / note. b.
↑ Helmut W. Flügel : Carl Maria Haidinger and Abraham Gottlob Werner's “Classifications” of the “Mountain Types” from 1787 . In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute (Vienna), Volume 143, Issue 4, pp. 535-541, December 2003 ( digitized version ).
↑ The mercury required for this was supplied by the Idria mine ( Idrija ) in present-day Slovenia.
^ Member entry by Karl Haidinger at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on April 12, 2015.
↑ On the history of industrial endeavors in Austria. 1795, August 31–1796, April 7. Fifteen letters from Karl Haidinger to Count Franz v. Saurau, re. His trip to industrial establishments in England, and his experiences there in matters of factories, manufactures and coal mining. In: Steiermärkische Geschichtsblätter (Graz), 4th year, 1883, pp. 141–168, here: pp. 150, 152, 156 f., 163, 168 ( digitized version ).
↑ Heribert Sturm : Haidinger, porcelain manufacturers . In: Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Lands, published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . tape 1 . R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , p. 514 .

personal data
SURNAME	Haidinger, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Haidinger, Karl Maria (full name); Haidinger, Carl Maria
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Austrian mineralogist and mining scientist
DATE OF BIRTH	July 10, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH	Vienna
DATE OF DEATH	March 16, 1797
Place of death	Vienna

[1] Dispositio rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarii Vindobonensis edita a Carolo Haidinger ejusdem musei adjuncto. Christianus Fridericus Wappler, Vindobonae 1782 ( digitized version ); German edition: division of the emperors. royal Natural collection in Vienna. Edited by Karl Haidinger, adjuncts at the k. k. Natural history cabinet . Christian Friedrich Wappler, Vienna 1782 ( digitized version ).

[2] Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin: Plantarum rariorum horti cæsarei Schœnbrunnensis descriptiones et icones. Volume 1, C. F. Wappler, Viennæ 1797, p. III ( digitized version ).

[3] List of all types of salt and stone breaking into the Wieliczka saltworks in the Kingdom of Galicia . By Karl Haidinger (,) adjuncts at the k. k. Natural produce cabinets. In: Ignaz Edler von Born (Hrsg.): Physical work of the unifying friends in Vienna, 1st year, 1785, 4th quarter, pp. 1–20 ( digitized version ).

[4] First printing: Des Herr Karl Haidinger, Adjunkten am k. k. Naturalienkabinet in Vienna (,) Draft of a systematic classification of mountain species; on the occasion of the price question for the year 1785 put up by the imperial Petersburg Academy of Sciences . In Ignaz Edler von Born (Ed.): Physical works of the unanimous friends in Vienna, 2nd year, 1786, 2nd quarter, pp. 23-104 ( Digitized version ).

[5] Abraham Gottlob Werner : Brief classification and description of the various types of mountain. In: Treatises of the Bohemian Society of Sciences to the year 1786 (…) Walther, Prague / Dresden 1786 ( digitized version), pp. 272–297, here: p. 273 / note. b.

[6] Helmut W. Flügel : Carl Maria Haidinger and Abraham Gottlob Werner's “Classifications” of the “Mountain Types” from 1787 . In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute (Vienna), Volume 143, Issue 4, pp. 535-541, December 2003 ( digitized version ).

[7] The mercury required for this was supplied by the Idria mine ( Idrija ) in present-day Slovenia.

[8] Member entry by Karl Haidinger at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on April 12, 2015.

[9] On the history of industrial endeavors in Austria. 1795, August 31–1796, April 7. Fifteen letters from Karl Haidinger to Count Franz v. Saurau, re. His trip to industrial establishments in England, and his experiences there in matters of factories, manufactures and coal mining. In: Steiermärkische Geschichtsblätter (Graz), 4th year, 1883, pp. 141–168, here: pp. 150, 152, 156 f., 163, 168 ( digitized version ).

[10] Heribert Sturm : Haidinger, porcelain manufacturers . In: Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Lands, published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . tape 1 . R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , p. 514 .