Forest riding grass

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Forest riding grass
Forest riding grass (Calamagrostis arundinacea)

Forest riding grass ( Calamagrostis arundinacea )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Riding grass ( Calamagrostis )
Type : Forest riding grass
Scientific name
Calamagrostis arundinacea
( L. ) Roth

The forest reed grass ( Calamagrostis arundinacea ) is a plant of the genus Calamagrostis ( Calamagrostis ) within the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae). It is widespread in the temperate areas of Eurasia .

For Saxony , the name Dill Grass is busy.

description

Inflorescences

The forest riding grass is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 60 to 120 centimeters. It forms loose clumps with a short-creeping base axis and very short runners . The upright stalks are at most slightly rough at the top. The dark green leaf blades are 4 to 7 millimeters wide, with short hairs on the top, shiny on the underside. There are tufts of hair on the base of the leaf, the ligule are less than 2 millimeters long.

The flowering period extends from June to July. The short-branched panicle with numerous spikelets appears narrow and elongated; their upright branches lie against the main axis after flowering. The spikelet axis is hairy. The lanceolate spikelets are 5 to 6 millimeters long, have a pale green color and are sometimes piebald purple; the hairline barely reaches 1 millimeter. On the back of the lemma rises an approximately 7 millimeter long, kneeled awn , which protrudes over the glume by about 3 millimeters.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Differentiation from related species

The forest riding grass is closely related to the mountain riding grass ( Calamagrostis varia ), from which it differs in the significantly shorter hairline and different location requirements.

Occurrence

The forest riding grass is common in the temperate zone of Eurasia and is also found in New Guinea. Only rare in the lowlands, its distribution extends from the mountainous region to the foothills of the Alps .

The forest riding grass can be found in shady deciduous forests , but also en masse on woodlands , on the tree line and on tall herbaceous meadows . It prefers warm, only slightly moist, mineral-rich but lime-poor, stony soils . It occurs mainly in the Luzulo-Fagetum, but also in societies of the associations Carpinion, Quercion roboris, Epilobion angustifolii or at the tree line in the Sorbo-Calamagrostietum of the association Calamagrostion arundinaceae.

ecology

It is rooted up to a meter deep.

Systematics

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Agrostis arundinacea by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 61. The new combination for the current name Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth was in 1789 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth in Tentamen Florae Germanicae , 2, 1, p. 89 published. The specific epithet arundinacea means "look like reeds".

Further synonyms for Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth are: Arundo clarionis Loisel. , Arundo montana Gaudin , Arundo sylvatica Schrad. , Calamagrostis adpressi-ramea Ohwi , Calamagrostis austrojeholensis Honda , Calamagrostis chassanensis Prob. , Calamagrostis clarionis (Loisel.) Loisel. , Calamagrostis parviflora Rupr. , Calamagrostis pyramidalis host , Calamagrostis sylvatica (Schrad.) DC. , Calamagrostis sylvatica host , Cinna agrostoidea P.Beauv. , Deyeuxia abietina foot , Deyeuxia arundinacea (L.) Jansen , Deyeuxia arundinacea P.Beauv. , Deyeuxia arundinacea Phil. , Deyeuxia montana P.Beauv. , Deyeuxia pyramidalis (host) Veldkamp Person , Deyeuxia sylvatica (Schrad.) Kunth , Deyeuxia sylvatica (Schrad.) Vasey , Calamagrostis brachytricha Steud. , Calamagrostis sciuroides Franch. & Sav. The varieties described by Calamagrostis arundinacea are probably all synonyms of Calamagrostis arundinacea .

There are also hybrids of Calamagrostis arundinacea × Calamagrostis varia (= Calamagrostis x haussknechtiana Torges ), Calamagrostis arundinacea × Calamagrostis villosa (= Calamagrostis x indagata Torges & Hausskn. ) Or Calamagrostis arundinacea × Calamagrostis epigejos (= Calamagrostis x acutiflora (Schrad.) DC. ) described.

Diseases

The forest riding grass is produced by the rust fungi Puccinia coronata var. Coronata , Puccinia graminis , Puccinia poae-nemoralis subsp. poae-nemoralis and Puccinia pygmaea infested with uredia and telia . Uromyces calamagrostidis has been described on the forest riding grass from Azerbaijan .

use

Some varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. The hybrid Calamagrostis × acutiflora (Schrad.) DC, crossed by gardeners, is of particular importance . from Calamagrostis arundinacea × Calamagrostis epigejos with their most important variety ' Karl Foerster '.

literature

  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag , Stuttgart, 12th edition 2011. ISBN 978-3-440-12573-1 , p. 106.
  • Werner Rothmaler (greeting), Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: Vascular Plants. 9th edition. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1977, p. 558.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 71, online.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 255.
  3. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Calamagrostis arundinacea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  4. ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
  5. ↑ Calamagrostis arundinacea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b Calamagrostis arundinacea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 9, 2014.
  7. ↑ B. Valdés & H. Scholz, with the assistance of E. von Raab-Straube & G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore): at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  8. ↑ Peter Zwetko Die Rostfilze Austria's supplement and host-parasite directory for the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales. Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  9. ↑ George Baker Cummins: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer, Berlin 1971, ISBN 3-540-05336-0 .
  10. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 165).

Web links

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