Berlandier's goosefoot

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Berlandier's goosefoot
Berlandier's goose foot (Chenopodium berlandieri)

Berlandier's goose foot ( Chenopodium berlandieri )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Chenopodieae
Genre : Goose feet ( Chenopodium )
Type : Berlandier's goosefoot
Scientific name
Chenopodium berlandieri
Moq.
inflorescence
Fruits, surrounded by the keeled bracts

Berlandier's goose foot ( Chenopodium berlandieri ), also known as Berlandier's goose foot , is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It comes from North America and occasionally occurs in Central Europe.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Berlandier's goose foot is an annual herbaceous plant with a stature height of 10 to 150 cm. The upright to ascending stem is more or less branched and floured.

The alternate, floured leaves have a 0.2 to 9 cm long petiole. With a length of 1.2 to 12 (to 15) cm and a width of 0.5 to 7.5 (to 9) cm wide, the leaf blade is ovate to rhombic or indistinctly three-lobed to lanceolate. The middle lobe gradually narrows, the side lobes are located a little below the middle of the spread. The base of the spread is wedge-shaped or trimmed. The leaf margin can be serrated, serrated irregularly or with entire margins.

Inflorescence and flower

The branched-eared, bractless inflorescences from 5 to 17 cm in length consist of irregularly rounded flower clusters with a diameter of 4 to 7 mm. The hermaphrodite flowers have an envelope made up of five tepals that are almost separated to the base . The Tepalenzipfel with a length up to 1.5 mm and a width up to 1.3 mm are egg-shaped to obtuse triangular, floury and often keeled protruding on the back. The flowers contain five stamens and an ovary with two stigmas.

The flowering period extends from June to September, pollination usually takes place by the wind.

Fruit and seeds

The flattened, egg-shaped fruit has a honeycomb-wrinkled pericarp (partially not in contact with the style). The seed with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm is round with a rounded edge, its brown to black seed coat is covered with deep, honeycomb-like pits.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36, so the species is tetraploid .

ecology

Berlandier's goose foot is a food plant for the butterfly caterpillars of the thick-headed butterfly Pholisora ​​catullus .

Systematics

The first publication of Chenopodium berlandieri was made in 1840 by Christian Horace Bénédict Alfred Moquin-Tandon in Chenopodearum Monographica Enumeratio , p. 23

Synonyms of Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. are Botrys berlandieri (Moq.) Nieuwl. , Chenopodium album var. Berlandieri (Moq.) Mack. & Bush , Chenopodium boscianum Moq. , Chenopodium bushianum Aellen , Chenopodium macrocalycium Aellen , Chenopodium petiolare Kunth var. Sinuatum Murr and Chenopodium zschackei Murr . Another synonym is Chenopodium texanum Murr .

Six varieties are distinguished in the Flora of North America :

  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Berlandieri
  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Boscianum (Moq.) Choice
  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Bushianum (Aellen) Cronquist
  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Macrocalycium (Aellen) Cronquist
  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Sinuatum (Murr) Wahl
  • Chenopodium berlandieri var. Zschackei (Murr) Murr ex Graebner

Some authors also when it was pseudo cereal "Huauzontle" (used Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. Nuttalliae (Saff.) HDWilson & Heiser ) considered a subspecies of this kind. According to more recent work, however, this is placed with Chenopodium quinoa ( quinoa ).

Occurrence

Berlandier's goose foot is native to North America , where it is widespread. While the typical variety var. Berlandieri is restricted to the lowlands of Texas and Mexico , the other varieties, especially var. Zschackei , thrive northwards to Canada and Alaska and up to an altitude of 2200 meters.

Introduced in Europe , Berlandier's goose foot in the var. Zschackei variety occurs occasionally as an adventitious plant . In Germany it is considered a naturalized neophyte , which was first found here around 1890. It grows inconsistently in ruderal vegetation ( Chenopodietea societies) at rubble sites, docks or freight yards, on nutrient-rich, moderately dry, often raw soils. It can grow from the plain to the pre-alpine hill step.

use

The leaves and young shoots of Berlandier's goosefoot can be cooked raw or cooked like spinach . Raw leaves should because of their content of saponins are, however, consumed only in small quantities. The seeds can be ground as a flour additive. It is recommended that you soak them overnight and then rinse them thoroughly to remove the saponins.

The whole plant can be used as a coloring plant for golden-green shades.

swell

literature

  • Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium berlandieri - online . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 294 (English). (Sections description, occurrence, systematics)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Chenopodium berlandieri at BiolFlor
  2. ↑ a b Entry in Tropicos , accessed on February 12, 2012
  3. ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants , accessed on February 12, 2012.
  4. ^ Entry in The Plant List , accessed February 12, 2012.
  5. ↑ Chenopodium berlandieri in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
  6. ↑ Chenopodium nutalliae at Tropicos
  7. ↑ a b Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Chenopodium berlandieri - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity , accessed on February 12, 2012.
  8. ↑ Werner Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora , Volume 4, Berlin, People and Knowledge, 1982, p. 170
  9. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 344 .
  10. ↑ a b Entry in Plants For A Future , accessed on February 12, 2012

Web links

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