Bernhard Halle

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Bernhard Halle (born December 19, 1842 in Neuhaldensleben , † April 4, 1926 probably Berlin ) was a German watchmaker and precision optician ; the Nicol Halle prism was named after him.

Life

Bernhard Halle was born as the son of the pharmacist von Neuhaldensleben and began an apprenticeship as a watchmaker at the age of 15. After completing his apprenticeship, he went on a hike and worked for various watchmakers. The wandering also took him to Hamburg, where he met Hugo Schröder . Schröder employed Bernhard Halle in his workshop and taught him the manufacture of various optical components such as mirrors and lenses. He also came into contact with other precision mechanics and opticians such as Rudolf Fuess , Johann Diedrich Möller and Hugo Krüss in Hamburg .

Through contact with Edmund Hartnack , Halle was encouraged to found his own fine optics workshop in Potsdam . Hartnack mainly produced microscopes in Potsdam and Halle supplied the polarizers necessary for the polarizing microscopes . At that time, Nicol prisms or Foucault prisms were used for this . The Nicol Halle prism is a modification of the classic Nicol prism developed by Bernhard Halle. Halle opened his workshop in 1873. In the same year, Otto Toepfer & Sohn was founded in Potsdam, which in the early years also mainly supplied Hartnack . Bernhard Halles brother Gustav Halle also founded a company in Rixdorf (today Berlin-Neukölln ). In 1893 the Bernhard Halle company moved from Potsdam to Steglitz at Hubertusstraße 11. This address is only a few meters away from the Fuess company on Dünther Straße. In 1906 he handed over the Bernhard Halle company to his successors Anton Frank and Erich Ritter. Bernhard Halle published a textbook for precision opticians and a short treatise on the establishment of a hardness scale for crystals in the "Association of the German Society for Mechanics and Optics".

Bernhard Halle's successor

The company was continued as Bernhard Halle's successor to Frank and Ritter. The Frank-Ritter prism, which is a modification of the Glan-Thompson prism, is named after you. Today the company is run by the 3rd generation of the Frank family.

The company Bernhard Hall successors was and is mainly used for the production of high-quality calcite optics, such as Glan-Thompson prisms known. Both Paul Glan and Silvanus Phillips Thompson had their first prototypes of this primate made by Bernhard Halle. However, planar and spherical optics were also made from quartz , rock salt and other crystals. The H-alpha filter, which was commissioned by Yngve Öhman in 1950, can be regarded as an outstanding and best-known product . Öhman and Lyot developed this filter independently. This filter is therefore also referred to as a Lyot-Öhmann filter or also as a Lyot filter . This filter is a narrow-band interference filter , which consists of birefringent crystal plates. It only transmits a narrow spectral range, namely the red H-alpha line (656.28 nanometers ) of hydrogen . The half width of the H-alpha filter produced by Bernhard Halle's successor from quartz and calcite was 0.5 Angstrom . The filter was tuned to the desired wavelength thermally with a heating element. Such an H-alpha filter is located in the Wilhelm Foerster Observatory in Berlin. In addition to the H-alpha filter, a filter for the calcium K line (393.3 nanometers) with a half-width of 0.3 Angstrom was also manufactured.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Michael Bass, Casimer Decusatis, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Guifang Li, Carolyn MacDonald, Virendra Mahajan, Eric Van Stryland: Handbook of Optics, Volume I . 3. Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2009, ISBN 978-0-07-149889-0 , pp. 13.17 ff . ( google.de ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Bernhard Halle Nachf. (Ed.): 90 years in the service of optics . Berlin 1963, p. 17 ff .
  3. ^ Emil-Heinz Schmitz: Manual for the history of optics: The XIX. Century (2 BC) . Volume 3, Part 2 of Handbook for the History of Optics. JP Wayenborgh, 1983, p. 614 ( google.de ).
  4. ↑ Bernhard Halle Nachf. (Ed.): 90 years in the service of optics . Berlin 1963, p. 69 .
  5. ↑ Bernhard Halle: Handbook of practical optics . 3. Edition. Berlin-Nikolassee 1928.
  6. ↑ Bernhard Halle: A suggestion for setting up a new hardness scale for crystals . In: German Society for Mechanics and Optics (Hrsg.): Deutsche Mechaniker Zeitung . No. May 9 , 1909 ( google.de ). , Page 338
  7. ↑ Michael Bass, Casimer Decusatis, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Guifang Li, Carolyn MacDonald, Virendra Mahajan, Eric Van Stryland: Handbook of Optics, Volume I . 3. Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2009, ISBN 978-0-07-149889-0 , pp. 13.14 ff . ( google.de ).
  8. ^ Sube, Ralf .: Langenscheidt Routledge German dictionary of physics = Langenscheidt Routledge Dictionary Physik Englisch . Routledge, London 2001, ISBN 0-415-17338-8 , pp. 515 and 1052 .
  9. ^ Öhman, Y .: On some new birefringent filters for solar research (=  Arkiv för Astronomi, Vol. 2, ). 1958, pp. 165-169 , bibcode : 1958ArA ..... 2..165O .
  10. ↑ Bernard Lyot: Le filtre monochromatique polarisant et ses applications en physique solaire (=  Annales d'Astrophysique . Vol. 7). P. 34 , bibcode : 1944AnAp .... 7 ... 31L .
  11. ^ Niederig, Heinz., Eichler, Hans-Joachim., Bergmann, Ludwig., Schaefer, Clemens .: Optics: Ed .: Heinz Niederig . Authors: Hans-Joachim Eichler ... 9th edition De Gruyter, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-11-012973-6 , p. 571 .
  12. ↑ a b Bernhard Halle Nachf. (Ed.): 90 years in the service of optics . Berlin 1963, p. 45 ff .
  13. ↑ 2018.05.10. In: History of filters and H-alpha observation. Baader Planetarium GmbH, accessed on May 10, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Halle, Bernhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German watchmaker and precision optician
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuhaldensleben
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 1926