Bertha Markheim

Bertha Markheim , b. Levy (* 2. March 1833 in the then to Kurhessen belonging Rodenberg near Hanover ; † 20th January 1919 in Berlin ) were represented by their correspondence with Karl and Jenny Marx and John Miquel known.

Life

Bertha Levy was the daughter of the Jewish businessman Simon Gumpert Levy († 1872) and his wife Amalie geb. Coppel († 1893) and their fifth child. Her eldest brother Isaak, known by his author's name Julius Rodenberg , described his sister in his memoirs as "a woman of unusual beauty and great spiritual gifts".

In the early 1850s she came into contact with the revolutionary labor movement . She was temporarily the fiancée of the future Prussian Finance Minister Johannes Miquel, who was then a member of the League of Communists , and traveled to London in 1854 on his behalf . There she met the Marx family and entered into correspondence with Karl and his wife Jenny Marx. Miquel and Bertha Levy separated because their Jewish parents disapproved of marriage to a Christian, but they continued their correspondence until 1892. In April 1854 she married the Fulda yarn manufacturer and Jewish merchant Joseph Markheim (born March 18, 1820 in Zwesten , district of Ziegenhain ; † February 20, 1901 in Fulda). The couple lived at Schloßstraße 1 in Fulda . Joseph Markheim brought four daughters into the marriage, and one of the couple's daughters was named Jenny. Jenny Markheim was born on July 18, 1859 in Fulda and married the widower and tobacco dealer Hermann Bonheim in 1887. She died in Hamburg on October 17, 1928 and is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Hamburg-Ohlsdorf.

Bertha Markheim was also close friends with the Louis and Gertrud Kugelmann families , who were also in contact with Marx. The first surviving photograph of Karl Marx by the photographer Richard Beard reached Louis Kugelmann through Bertha Markheim . In November 1864 Marx sent her the inaugural address of the International Workers' Association , the founding document of the First International . On the death of Karl Marx, like many people close to the Marx family, she wrote a letter of condolence to Eleanor Marx . After the death of her husband on March 29, 1902, Bertha Markheim moved to Berlin-Grunewald . The last entry in the Berlin address book from 1919 was “Markheim, Bertha, Rentiere, Wilmersdorf , Hobrechtsstr. 6 III (Post Halensee) ".

Works

• Dedicated to my beloved brother Julius Rodenberg on his 80th birthday in love and friendship by his devoted sister Bertha Markheim. 1831 - June 26, 1911. Leonhard Simion Nf., Berlin 1911

Letters

• Julius Rodenberg to Bertha Markheim June 28, 1898 Landesarchiv Berlin Signature: rep. 241, vol. 2.
• Letters from Bertha Markheim, b. Levy; Correspondence with the historian Adolf Elissen (1866–1867) Central database of the papers of the Federal Archives
• Bertha Markheim to Julius Rodenberg. Archive database of the Goethe and Schiller Archives, Weimar Classic Foundation.
• International Institute for Social History , Amsterdam Marx Engels Estate. Signature: D 3063; D 3256-3257; F 32-36; F 112
• Rolf Hecker, Angelika Limmroth (ed.): Jenny Marx. The letters . Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-320-02297-6 , pp. 305, 313 ff., 316, 317, 318, 321 f.
• Marx and Engels Collected Works, Volume 41: Letters January 1860 to September 1864. International Publishers, New York 1985. (listed on ISG )
• 45 letters (1852-1892) from Johannes Miquel to Bertha Markheim geb. Levy. Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Signature: VI. HA

literature

• Julius Rodenberg: memories from the youth. Autobiography . Paetel, Berlin 1899
• Julius Rodenberg: From childhood. Reminder sheets . Paetel, Berlin 1907
• Heinrich Spiero: Julius Rodenberg, his life and his works . Paetel, Berlin 1921
• Wilhelm Mommsen : Johannes Miquel. First volume. 1838-1866 . German publishing company, Stuttgart / Berlin / Leipzig 1928
• Walter Frank: Spirit and Power. Historical-political essays . Hamburg 1938
• Bert Andréas : Letters and documents from the Marx family from the years 1862–1873, along with two unknown essays by Friedrich Engels . In: Archives for Social History . Vol. 2, Hannover 1962, pp. 167-293. Excerpts can be viewed: Google Books
• Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk : Jenny Marx: love and suffering in the shadow of Karl Marx. A biography based on letters, diaries and other documents . Wuppertal 1975
• Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 44
• The League of Communists. Documents and materials. Volume 3 1851-1852 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1984
• Annelise Thimme (Ed.): Friedrich Thimme . 1868-1938. A political historian, publicist and writer in his letters . Boppard on the Rhine 1994
• Roland Berbig, Josefine Kitzbichler (eds.): The Rundschau Debate 1877. Paul Lindau's magazine “ North and South ” and Julius Rodenberg's “ Deutsche Rundschau ”. Documentation . Lang, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-906759-51-2 , pp. 103-105, 137-138, 150

References and comments

1. ↑ Berlin III registry office, death register no. 85/1919. State Archives Berlin.
2. ^ Eva Rademacher: Julius Rodenberg (1831-1914) . In: The Bear of Berlin. Yearbook 1989/1990 , Berlin / Bonn 1989, ISSN  0522-0033 , p. 52.
3. ^ Archive for Social History, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Ed.), Vol. 20, 1980, p. 171
4. ↑ Karl Marx. Chronicle of his life in detail . Moscow 1934, p. 222.
5. ↑ Bertha Levy to Karl Marx. Late May to early June 1854. Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Vol. 7, pp. 385 and 982.
6. ^ Karl Marx to Bertha Markheim October 12, 1862 and November 18, 1862; Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim (end of 1862) and January 28, 1863, Bertha Markheim to Jenny Marx February 7, 1863; Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim February 12, 1863, July 6 (1863) and October 13, 1863. See also The letters from Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim in Bert Andréas, pp. 173-183 and the Marx-Engels complete edition. Department III. Vol. 12 (in press).
7. ↑ Bert Andréas, p. 117.
8. ↑ Bertha Markheim to Johannes Miquel August 30, 1860. ( Der Bund der Kommunisten . Vol. 3, Berlin 1984, p. 483; Wilhelm Mommsen: Johannes Miquel . Vol. 1, Berlin 1928; Bert Andréas, p. 117 and p. 45.)
9. ↑ Michael Mott: A man who leaves many questions unanswered. The Jewish merchant Joseph Markheim was one of the founders of the Fulda gymnastics community in 1848 . In: Fuldaer Zeitung , September 23, 2009, p. 15.
10. ↑ “A governess of the Mosaic Confession, who can lead the upbringing of four girls between the ages of 10 and 15 and give thorough lessons in the realities, in the German and French languages, as well as in piano playing, is wanted. Good-naturedness and loving treatment of the pupils is a major requirement. Joseph Markheim in Fulda provides further information on postage-free inquiries ”. In: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums , Leipzig, from September 8, 15 and 22, 1855, books.google.de .
11. ↑ "I hope with all my heart that your little Jenny will soon recover and. that it may blossom for you like our dear little Jenny ”. (Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim [end of 1862]. Bert Andréas, p. 174.)
12. ^ Franziska Kugelmann to the Marx-Engels-Archive in Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, September 1, 1929 (RGASPI, Moscow) . Partly reprinted in: Κарл Μаркс Фридрих Энгельс. Собрание фотографий Москва 1976, p. 171
13. ^ Marx to Kugelmann November 29th. Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Division III Volume 13, p. 88.
14. ^ Bertha Markheim to Eleanor Marx March 15, 1883. (IISG D 3063). Printed in full in: Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 44.
15. ^ Registration card for the Fulda city archive.
16. ↑ Markheim, Bertha, Reindeer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1919, Part 1, p. 1754. Today: Storkwinkel.
17. ^ Ute Dietsch: Family Archives and Legacies in the Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage. An inventory . P. 157