Bible tile
A Bible tile is a ceramic tile that depicts a biblical scene. Bible tiles come from the Netherlands and have been known since the early 17th century. The approximately 600 known different motifs represent scenes from the Old and New Testament and are mostly based on templates from old masters .
Tiled walls in town houses and farms as a template for a tiled Bible
Wall tiles with biblical representations are an expression of popular piety . However, they were so expensive at the time of their creation that only wealthier people, such as captains, merchants and farmers, could afford them.
The fact that they spread mainly from Holland is also due to the fact that in the Calvinistic north of Holland the ban on images (from Exodus 20: 4–5) was strictly observed in churches . Especially in the 18th century they were part of the inventory of Frisian town houses and farms: at the stove, in the kitchen or in the parlor.
"Bible tiles -" glazed sermons "- stimulated people to think about the biblical stories in the middle of everyday life, because one could talk to one another about the presentation ... [With the tile Bible (see Kurt Perrey, bibliography)] come the filigree works of art back to where they once belonged: in families, close to people, as a stimulus to reflect on the good news in the biblical scenes that are depicted on them. "
Bible tiles became affordable and mass-produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. From factories in Amsterdam , Bolsward , Harlingen , Makkum , Rotterdam and Utrecht , they found their way to Germany in large numbers - especially along the North and Baltic Sea coasts. But the tiles also spread far away from the coast.
"Bible tiles translate biblical stories into short and clear imagery and thus enable a strong presence and permanent engagement with the biblical message."
At Gut Wachholz ( Beverstedt ), one wall in the entrance hall is equipped with Bible tiles. The Beverstedter Church had some tiles made as replicas. They served the spiritual edification and were at the same time a sign of prosperity and class awareness. The tiles glazed in manganese or cobalt (Delft blue) were produced in Dutch factories.
Bible tiles are a cultural asset created through craftsmanship and artistic work. Today they are a sought-after collector's item.
Exhibitions
North Bible tile team
The northern biblical tile team has put together an exhibition on biblical tiles. This exhibition has already been shown at various locations in Germany. In 2011 it will also be shown abroad. For this purpose, a Bible was also published, which is illustrated with pictures of Bible tiles (see literature: Kurt Perrey). In the series of publications "Bible Tile Pictures", 17 volumes of 36 pages each have appeared so far.
Collection with Bible tiles in the Jever Castle Museum
In Jeveraner museum has 2,600 wall tiles that make up an exhibition has been put together. Most of them come from the factories in Harlingen and Makkum and were made in the 17th to 19th centuries. The vast majority of the Jeveran Bible tiles are dedicated to topics from the New Testament, from the birth stories as well as miracle stories and parables as well as from the Passion and Resurrection .
literature
- Hans Werner Jessel: Tile picture book . Wolff Publishing House, Flensburg 1963.
- Albrecht and Leonie von Kortzfleisch: Scenes from the Bible: Seeing and understanding ancient Dutch tiles . LIT Verlag, Berlin 2011 ( online )
- Jan Pluis: Dutch wall tiles in north-west Germany - influence of the Netherlands on living culture between the Weser and Ems . Publisher Rasch, Bramsche 1984.
- Jan Pluis: Biblical representations on Dutch wall tiles from the 17th to the 20th century . 1895 illustrations, 26 color plates, Ardey-Verlag GmbH July 1995, ISBN 3870230398 .
- Kurt Perrey: Tile Bible: The book of books with the Bible tiles . H. Risius, Weener 2008, ISBN 978-3-88761-103-3 .
- Andreas Flick, Hannegreth Grundmann and Kurt Perrey: Bible tiles and tile Bible . In: Biblical Report . 1/2011, ISSN 0933-9949, pp. 9-11.
Web links
- Information on bibelfliesen.de and on fliesenbibel.de
- Wilhelm Joliet, The history of the tile, Dutch tiles in the Capilla de Jesús Nazareno in Cádiz / Andalusia
- Wilhelm Joliet, The history of the tile, Amsterdam and Harling tiles of the 18th century in Bothmer Castle
- Wilhelm Joliet, The history of the tile, Dutch tiles in Oranienbaum Castle
- Overview of tiles from the Jever Castle Museum (general information on Bible tiles and collections from the Old Testament and the New Testament)
- Heinz Mielke, Bible tiles on a fire in Westphalia, in a kitchen in Saxony and on a fireplace in East Frisia (Bible tiles in Estern / Westphalia, Wachau / Saxony, North / East Frisia and an appendix about Simson / Samson)
- Rotterdam Bible tiles in the baroque castle Wachau / Saxony (many picture examples with related Bible passages and description)
- Jürgen Biewend, The Bible on the Wall - Biblical motifs on Dutch wall tiles
Single receipts
- ↑ From Friesland and the Netherlands, however, the Bible tiles were also exported to northern Germany - especially along the North Sea and the rivers (see also the books by Jan Pluis and Hans Werner Jessel).
- ↑ The northern biblical tile team has collected around 600 tiles with biblical themes.
- ↑ Bible tile exhibition of 96 historical Bible tiles to 38 texts from the Old and 58 texts from the New Testament ( Memento from August 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Bible Tile Pictures, Volume 17: Heil und Heilung. North 2013. ISBN 978-3-88761-127-9
- ↑ Internet presence of the Bible tile exhibition in the Jever Castle Museum ( Memento from July 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive )