Library of the Jewish Community in Berlin
| Library of the Jewish Community in Berlin | |
|---|---|
 Library of the Jewish Community in Berlin
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| founding | 1902 |
| Duration | 70,000 books, 10,000 periodicals and 1,500 audiovisual media |
| Library type | Special library |
| place |
Berlin 
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| operator | Jewish community in Berlin |
| Website | http://www.jg-berlin.org/institutionen/kultur/bibliothek.html |
The library of the Jewish community in Berlin is an institution of the Jewish community in Berlin . Her subjects are the cultivation of the Jewish religion, history and culture. With its extensive collection of contemporary historical documents on the persecution and murder of European Jews during the Nazi era , the library is an important collective place of remembrance in relation to the Shoah .
The library is both a lending and reference library, with a shared reading room. In addition to the Jewish Adult Education Center, it is one of the facilities of the Jewish community in the community building on Fasanenstrasse in Berlin-Charlottenburg . The library is open to the public.
history
The library celebrated its 115th anniversary in 2017. The library was founded on March 5, 1899, in accordance with a resolution passed by the Assembly of Representatives of the Berlin Jewish Community . The library was opened in 1902 in the rooms at Oranienburger Strasse 28. From the beginning it was supported by donations from the parishioners. For example, the literary historian Ludwig Geiger appealed to the community members to support the library with the appeal “Gedenket des Geistes”. One of their well-known donors at that time was the historian Heinrich Graetz , who donated his eleven-volume standard work History of the Jews from the Ancient Times to the Present to the library.
The first librarian was the writer Jakob Fromer (1865–1938) for four years, whose translation of the Babylonian Talmud was later one of the works that were banned and burned by the National Socialists .
The rabbi and historian Moritz Abraham Stern (* 1864 in Steinbach near Fulda, † 1939 in Berlin), who directed it for 17 years, had the greatest influence on the concept of the library . Moritz Stern was based on the concept of the American public library and, following the readers' interests, offered both popular and academic works in the library. The inventory grew to over 70,000 books, an art gallery was incorporated in 1917 and there were nine branch offices (including branches in Berlin-Tempelhof , Neukölln and Pankow ).
After the November pogrom in 1938 , the library and its branch offices were closed and dissolved by the National Socialists. The book inventory was confiscated, picked up and most of it was lost. The library premises in Oranienburgerstr. 28 were taken over by the Reichsstelle für Kippenforschung (Reichsippenamt from 1940). Today the New Synagogue Berlin-Centrum Judaicum Foundation is located there .
After the Second World War and the division of Berlin , separate libraries were set up in both East Berlin and West Berlin . In 1974 the Jewish library was opened at the old site on Oranienburger Strasse. It was headed by Renate Kirchner , the wife of the long-time chairman of the Jewish community in East Berlin, Peter Kirchner (1935–2018). The library had a “special permit to import literature from capitalist countries” that was required in the GDR . In the west of the city a library was built in the parish hall at Fasanenstrasse as early as 1959. After reunification , the Jewish communities merged and the two libraries were merged in 2002 on Fasanenstrasse.
In addition to personal purchases, donations from private individuals and institutions play a central role in the expansion of the holdings: For example, the collection of Rabbi Albert Wolf (1890–1951) and the library of pedagogue Siegfried Baruch (born May 3, 1901 in Margonin / Posen; † March 1, 1973 in Wiesbaden ) in 1976. The Jewish Museum Berlin participated in 2017 with book donations. As part of the ongoing Nazi looted property research project of the Central and State Library in Berlin , 43 books from the original Jewish library were restituted and returned to the holdings between 2011 and 2017. B. Samuel Müller: Jewish History from the Destruction of the First Temple to the Present in Character Pictures , 1913.
The library on Oranienburger Straße was managed by Renate Kirchner until it was closed in 2002. The library in Fasanenstrasse was headed by Jürgen Landeck until 1988, Arcady Fried until 2011 and Ina Stein until the end of 2016.
In 2017 the library had over 4,000 users.
Duration
The inventory includes around 70,000 books, 10,000 periodicals and 1,500 audiovisual media. The current inventory includes 55 Jewish magazines, including a. the weekly magazine “ Jüdische Allgemeine ”.
The Jewish Library offers books, including illustrated books, on the topics of Jewish history from the beginning to the present, in particular the history of the State of Israel , Zionism and the persecution of Jews under National Socialism .
As a Berlin-based library, a special focus is on Berlin and its districts; in addition, literary works, theater and art by Jewish authors or on Jewish topics. The extensive music literature offers synagogical music and folk songs. The area on Jewish studies, which is stocked with many valuable books, offers u. a. In addition to Bibles, translations and various copies of the Talmud , classical Judaica , studies of the Halacha and Midrash , more rabbinic literature, prayer books, as well as works on rites, sermons and holidays.
The commemorative books displayed in the Jewish Library as copies of the present form create an active mnemotope of the Shoah : They keep alive the memory of the Jews persecuted and murdered during National Socialism. Memorial books lie u. a. for the cities of Berlin, Cologne, Kassel. The memorial books document the names of the victims, their biographical data as well as the date of death and the place of deportation, if available. Further literature is available in special departments, sorted according to generic terms such as B. “Anti-Jewish Laws and Measures”, “Missing Children” or “ Theresienstadt ” are available extensively.
The Jewish Library offers u. a. Books in German, English, French and Russian as well as in Hebrew and Yiddish. It is the library in Germany with the second largest collection of literature in Yiddish .
The following is just an exemplary selection of rarities:
- Moses Mendelsohn : Ritual Laws, Concerning Inheritance, Guardianship Matters, Wills and Marriage Matters, 4th Edition Berlin. Voss 1799.
- Maier Kohn : Machsor le schalosch regaslim: Daily prayers for the main festivals Pesach, Schavuoth and Suckoth, Zürndorfer and Sommer, Fürth 1855 (Jewish publishing house in Bavaria).
- Abraham Zvi Idelsohn : Hebrew-oriental melody treasure, Leipzig Homeister in volumes from 1914.
- Scholom Schwartzbard , original edition of the biography of the poet and assassin in Yiddish, Ceshinsky Publ. 1933 Chicago (with personal dedication).
- Jewish Displaced Person Periodicals, Microfilm, Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Advicer and Introduction Zachary M Baker.
The ongoing new advertisements of classics, stand works, encyclopedias, periodicals and contemporary literature are announced on the website of the Jewish community.
Systematics
The categorization according to subject areas is based on the Elazar classification by David H. Elazar and Daniel J. Elazar on the basis of Judaica and has been expanded by the Jewish Library in Berlin according to the specific contemporary and geographical requirements.
The subject areas are:
- 001–099 Tanach and Tanach Studies / Hebrew Bible and Bible Studies
- 100–199 Classical Judaica, Halacha and Midrash
- 200–299 cult / worship
- 300–399 Jewish education
- 400–499 languages ( Hebrew , Yidd.) And science
- 500-599 literature
- 600–699 Jewish community (including music, theater, film, sport)
- 700–799 Jewish history, geography, biography
- 800–899 Israel and Zionism
- 900–999 general works (including university publications, periodicals and AV media)
literature
- David H. Elezar, Daniel J. Elezar: A Classification System for Libraries of Judaica. Jakob Aronson INC. Jerusalem, 3rd edition 1997, ISBN 0-7657-5983-7 .
Web links
- Literature from and about the library of the Jewish community in Berlin in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- Centrum Judaicum
- Jewish general
- Jewish community in Berlin
- Jewish Museum Berlin
- ZLB Berlin Nazi looted goods in the ZLB
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fasanenstrasse 79-80, 10623 Berlin
- ^ "Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums" of February 28, 1902
- ↑ Jüdisches Gemeindeblatt February 2017 (PDF file)
- ^ German biography - Stern, Moritz. In: deutsche-biographie.de. Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ^ Jewish news: Jews in Berlin - Community library Oranienburger Strasse is closed. In: berlin-judentum.de. February 3, 2002, accessed December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ Handbook of the historical book collections in Germany, Austria and Europe (Fabian Handbook): Juedische Gemeinde zu Berlin. In: fabian.sub.uni-goettingen.de. Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ Samuel Müller: Jewish history from the destruction of the 1st Temple to the present in character images. Metzer Verlag, Stuttgart 1913. - Restitutions 2011 - Central and State Library Berlin. In: zlb.de. Retrieved February 28, 2019 .
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives )