Bignonia capreolata
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Bignonia capreolata |
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Bignonia capreolata is a species of the genus Bignonia withinthe trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Bignonia capreolata is a liana whose phloem strands always appear in multiples of 4 in the cross section of the stem axis . The twigs are round, hairless to downy hairy.
They have no glands, but have lines between the petioles . The pseudo stipules are herbaceous. The leaves are tripartite, with the middle leaflet being transformed into a multi-divided tendril with adhesive discs.
Generative characteristics
The lateral inflorescences are short cymes accompanied by bracts .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope. The thick and glandular calyx is cup-shaped and decorated with irregular or hardly existing calyx lobes. The outside of the crown is dull red or orange, the inside is yellow. The petals are fused, the corolla tube is curved and thick. The four stamens do not protrude beyond the crown, the anthers are hairless and consist of straight counters. The ovary is cylindrical and scaly covering the individual carpels contain double row arranged ovules . The flower base is circular.
The elongated, linear, flattened capsule fruits lignify, are covered with cork pores and hairless. The seeds are glabrous and broadly winged.
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Systematics
Within the trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae), Bignonia capreolata is classified in the tribe Bignonieae. Molecular biological studies place the species together with Cydista , Clystostoma , Phryganocydia , Potamoganos , Saritaea , Roentgenia , Mussatia and a species of the genus Tanaecium in the so-called Mimetic clade. This name refers to the fact that it is assumed that the plants do not provide an incentive for pollinators, for example in the form of nectar , but rather attract pollinators through mimicry or deception.
distribution
The range of Bignonia capreolata is in the central and eastern United States.
Botanical history
The name Bignonia leads back to a description published in 1719 in Joseph Pitton de Tournefort's work Institutiones Rei Herbariae , which roughly encompasses the size of the present day trumpet family (Bignoniaceae). In his works Species Plantarum (1753) and the fifth edition of Genera Plantarum (1754), Carl von Linné first recognized 13 species within the genus Bignonia and placed them in his Didynamia Angiospermia. In later publications he describes other species of the genus.
By different views about the system within the family of trumpet flower plants (Bignoniaceae) the number of the varied Bignonia attributed species over time strong: A first major division of the genus comes from Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu in his Genera Plantarum of 1789, in the he divides the previously described Bignonia into different genera. However, through further new discoveries and systematic regroupings, Carl Ludwig Willdenow added 54 species to the genus in 1802 ; In the first large monograph of the Bignoniaceae family by Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle (published posthumously in 1845) there are 173 species. A better division of the family into genera is that of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in their Genera Plantarum , which, however, do not name a number of species. However, the genus Bignonia in the sense of this publication is divided into other smaller genera by Karl Moritz Schumann in the treatises on the family in the natural plant families (1894) and the Flora Brasiliensis (1896-1897).
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Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bignonia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- ^ Lúcia G. Lohmann: Untangling the Phylogeny of neotropical Lianas (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 93, Issue 2, 2006. pp. 304-318.
literature
- E. Fischer, I. Theisen, LG Lohmann: Bignoniaceae . In: K. Kubitzki, JW Kadereit: The Families and Generas of vascular Plants: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales , Volume VII, Springer Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1 .
- Alwyn H. Gentry: Bignoniaceae: Part I (Crescentieae and Tourrettieae) . In: Flora Neotropica , Volume 25, Number 1, New York Botanical Garden Press, 1980. ISBN 0-89327-222-1 . (used here mainly for information on botanical history)
