Educational leave
Educational leave is a special form of leave that is used for professional or political further education . It is often referred to as educational leave to avoid the impression of a vacation.
Country-specific details on educational leave
Federal Republic of Germany
In Convention No. 140 of the International Labor Organization (ILO) on paid educational leave of June 24, 1974, the Federal Republic of Germany undertook under international law to introduce paid educational leave for the purposes of vocational training, general and political education and trade union education. However, since the federal government has no educational sovereignty due to the cultural sovereignty of the states , the federal states passed their own state laws within the framework of competing legislation , which give employees the right to be granted educational leave.
The western German states (except Bavaria) introduced educational leave from 1974, first in Hamburg, then the remaining federal states until the 1990s; after German unification, the East German states (except Saxony) followed suit. There are also statutory regulations for works council members according to the Works Constitution Act of 1972 and for public service employees (federal government) based on a circular on time off from 1965, last amended in 1997.
All of these state laws assume a paid leave of absence of five working days per year (except Saarland). The right to exemption is usually limited to issues of political and vocational education; In contrast to the early days of educational leave, today the focus of use is on job-related offers. The educational policy justification of these regulations consists in the view that such events could have a mobilizing effect on lifelong learning .
In order to limit or absorb the costs for employers, small and medium-sized companies in Rhineland-Palatinate have a flat-rate claim for reimbursement for wage costs (Section 8 of the Rhineland-Palatinate Education Exemption Act). In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania there is a flat-rate reimbursement claim of 110 euros per day for political training and qualifications for voluntary work or 55 euros per day for professional training.
There are no educational leave laws in Bavaria and Saxony .
For officials the issue of leave in the regulations is about the special leave jointly contain, as in § 9 of SonderurlaubsVO the federal and the parallel provisions of the countries.
While in the 1980s educational leave was still predominantly characterized by the participation of workers , today educational leave is very heterogeneously occupied by workers and employees . The proportion of women is still low, but has increased.
Currently only about one to two (in Bremen about three) percent of all employees exercise their right to educational leave. This is also a consequence of intense operational and legal conflicts about this right; Time and again it was doubted whether further training was the focus of such seminars.
Italy
In Italy there was an educational leave model in the 1970s, the time frame and range of which was more extensive than the German model. It became known under the name "150 ore" (150 hours). Accordingly, employees were entitled to paid professional leave of up to 150 hours within a period of three years. Such educational leave could also be taken by workers in order to make up for missing compulsory school certificates in schools .
Switzerland
In Switzerland, there are only rudimentary approaches to promoting and regulating educational leave. So far there are no legal regulations. Companies that allow educational leave have internal guidelines for this or use a non-formal way of approving educational leave. The educational leave depends on the employers and / or corresponding agreements due to the lack of legal anchoring. On the part of politics there have been repeated efforts to create legal regulations for the granting of educational leave, but these have so far failed. Educational leave in Switzerland is usually only given to highly qualified staff, which explains why more than half of professional training in Switzerland is paid for by the employees themselves.
See also
literature
- Dieter Görs: On the political controversy about educational leave. Political, economic and didactic conditions. Cologne 1978
- Herbert Richter: Educational leave in the FRG. Opportunity for qualification and education in further vocational training. Kassel 1991
- Arnim Kaiser: Key qualifications in employee training. Neuwied 1992
- Hessische Blätter für Volksbildung: Bildungsurlaub - an interim balance with further intentions. Frankfurt / M., 1996, issue 1.
- Bildungswerk der Humanistische Union NRW (Ed.): Educational leave according to state law. Tasks - developments - regulations. Essen 1998
- Bildungswerk der Humanistische Union NRW (ed.): Educational leave between jurisprudence and pedagogy. Essen 1995
- Wolfgang Rudnick: New opportunities for educational leave? Expectations - Conflicts - Perspectives . Bremen 1999
- Edgar Weick (ed.): Work and learning. Contributions to the Italian model of educational leave. Berlin 1976, ISBN 3-920986-73-3
Web links
- Website of the DGB-Bildungswerk on educational leave
- The way to educational leave. Guidelines for employees on leave according to the Employee Further Education Act (AWbG) NRW (PDF)
- bildungsurlaub.de - Seminars, information, tips and practical help around educational leave - for all of Germany
- Overview of the state laws / as of 3/2014 (PDF)
- Synopsis of the KMK on the state laws on educational exemption (as of 2013) (PDF)
- Specialist blog on educational policy and scientific news on educational leave
Individual evidence
- ^ History of educational leave / educational leave in the Saarland portal
- ↑ Framework conditions for educational leave in Saarland. bildungsurlaub.info; accessed on December 28, 2018
- ↑ Section 16 of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Education Exemption Act
- ↑ Educational leave today! Senate Press Office, accessed on August 20, 2018 .
