Birch foliage

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Birch foliage
Lenzites betulina (L.) Fr272952.jpg

Birch leafy ( Lenzites betulina )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family : Stalk porling relatives (Polyporaceae)
Genre : Leaf spruce ( Lenzites )
Type : Birch foliage
Scientific name
Lenzites betulina
( L. ) Fr.

The inedible birch leafy leaf ( Lenzites betulina , syn. Trametes betulina ) is a type of mushroom from the family of stem porlings (Polyporaceae). It is also called birch tramete or birch leaf porling . It looks similar to the butterfly tramete , but has lamellae instead of a layer of pores. The fruiting bodies appear all year round on lying hardwood or on deciduous tree stumps. The fungus is a common wood decomposer and white rot pathogen.

features

Macroscopic features

The relatively flat, fan-shaped hats are 2–8 cm wide and 1–2 cm thick and stand 2–5 cm from the substrate. The leathery, tough fruiting bodies are sessile to the substrate and are semicircular to kidney-shaped and sometimes somewhat resupinate . They often overlap like roof tiles. The shaggy to curly tomentose top is zoned concentrically so that the mushroom looks almost like a butterfly tramete. The color ranges from pale cream beige to gray to dark brown, there are no glossy areas. The top can also be discolored green by algae.

The lamellar hymenophore is located on the underside . The corky-elastic, relatively distant and partly labyrinthine winding lamellae are up to 1 cm wide and arranged radially. They are more or less mixed in and often forked. Their color ranges from straw yellow to ocher yellow to gray-brown. The spore powder is white. The whitish flesh is thick and elastic to corky, the smell and taste are inconspicuous.

Microscopic features

The cylindrical to allantoic, ie sausage-shaped spores are inamyloid and smooth and measure 4.5–6 × 2–3 µm.

Species delimitation

Due to its curly, felty top of the hat, the birch leaves are very similar to the curly tramete ( Trametes hirsuta ), colorfully zoned forms can also look very similar to the very common butterfly tramete ( T. versicolor ), but both species have theirs Underside rounded tube mouths. Thin specimens of the humpback tramete ( T. gibbosa ) can also be similar, especially since their hymenophore has very elongated and sometimes labyrinthine tubes. However, these are much closer and the surface of the hat is only fine-velvety. The fence leaf ( Gloeophyllum sepiarium ) may have a certain similarity . But it has brown flesh and a nice orange-yellow edge and also prefers to grow on softwood.

ecology

The birch leaves grow in sparse, gaps in deciduous and mixed deciduous forests, especially in sedge-beech and hornbeam-oak forests , preferably in airy places, on clearcuts, in groves, on sun-exposed forest and forest paths and on forest edges, as well as on dry grass and in Parks and gardens.

The fruiting bodies grow on dead trees, usually on stumps, more rarely also on lying trunks, whereby the fungus is involved in wood decomposition from the late initial to the final phase. It is not infrequently associated with the similar butterfly tramete. Contrary to what the name suggests, at least in Germany and Switzerland, the common beech is by far the main host of the birch leaves, followed by oak and birch. The fungus is also found on other deciduous trees, albeit less often.

The annual, overwintering fruiting bodies can be found all year round. Sporulation begins as soon as the annual maximum temperatures are exceeded and the mean daytime temperature falls below 18 ° C. The sporulation period lasts about 7–8 months. The main sporulation time is in winter. Both the fruiting bodies and the spores are quite resistant to cold. The fungus is widespread from the lowlands to the mountains, the highest location in Switzerland at 1480 m.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the birch leaf.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The birch leaf is almost worldwide and was found in North America (Canada, Mexico, USA), Central America (Costa Rica), South America (Peru), Asia (Asia Minor, Iran, Siberia, Kamchatka, China, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea and South Korea ), North Africa (Morocco), Africa (South Africa), Australia, New Zealand and Europe, but the species is rare in the southern hemisphere and the tropics. In the Holarctic the fungus is widespread from submeridional to boreal . The species seems to be distributed all over Europe, only from Iceland and Albania there is no evidence. The species is very rare on the Irish island and there are only a few reports of finds.

In Germany, the birch leaves are widespread from Schleswig-Holstein and the sea coasts to the Alps, with areas of thinning and densification alternating strongly. The fungus is likely to be at least as common in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria.

meaning

The leathery to corky chewy fruit bodies are not suitable for consumption. The white rot pathogen is a common and important wood decomposer.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 318 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  2. ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, Bauchpilze, hose mushrooms and others . In: mushrooms. Spectrum of nature, BLV intensive guide . tape 2 . BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-405-12965-6 , p. 137 .
  3. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 .
  4. ^ A b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 542.
  5. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; accessed on January 15, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
  6. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
  7. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lenzites betulina. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014 ; accessed on January 14, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  8. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
  9. ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( memento of February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on January 14, 2014]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.protectedareas.mk
  10. ↑ a b Grid map of Lenzites betulina. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 14, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Lenzites betulina. Pilzoek database, accessed January 14, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Lenzites betulina  - album with pictures, videos and audio files