Birch Spei-Täubling

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Birch Spei-Täubling
The birch spei-deaf (Russula betularum)

The birch spei-deaf ( Russula betularum )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Birch Spei-Täubling
Scientific name
Russula betularum
Hora

The birch Spei-Täubling ( Russula betularum , syn .: Russula emetica var. Betularum ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a delicate and fragile blubber with a pink and often very puffy hat. It has a sharp taste and, as the name suggests, is found quite often under birch trees.

features

Macroscopic features

In the course of its development, the hat of the birch-spei-blubber is first convex, then expanded and finally depressed. It is 2–5 cm wide and the hat skin can be completely peeled off. The color of the hat ranges from white to pale pink to strong pink and can even be pale yellow-brown. Often the hat is whitish with a pale pink tinge and an ocher-pale center. In old age the edge of the hat is slightly ridged.

The almost bulbous lamellae are also white and are quite far apart, sometimes they have a cream-colored sheen. The spore powder is pure white ( Ia after Romagnesi ).

The white stem is usually longer than the diameter of the hat. It is cylindrical or slightly club-shaped and very fragile. If it is very wet, it can turn gray, like wet snow, otherwise it is more or less unchangeable.

The meat is also white and tastes very hot. The blubber smells like the cherry red spit blubber of coconut, but the smell is usually weaker. With iron sulfate , the meat turns pinkish-orange, the guaiac reaction is slow and weakly positive.

Microscopic features

The spores are ovate, 8–10 µm long and 7.5–8 µm wide with numerous 0.5–0.7 µm high, conically pointed warts. These are partially interconnected by fine lines, so that a well-developed but incomplete network is formed.

The Pileocystiden in the cap skin are cylindrical to strongly club-shaped and 0–2-fold septate. The basidia have four spores, they are (32) 44–55 µm long and 11–14.5 wide.

Species delimitation

It is easy to confuse the birch pavilion with faded specimens of the alternating colored pavement Russula fragilis , which can also be found in damp places under birch trees. With him, the hat skin can be peeled off a maximum of three quarters. In addition, the center of this mushroom is usually darker in color and has purple-purple hues. The most important distinguishing feature, however, are the lamellar cutting edges, which are irregularly sawn (magnifying glass!).

Another similar species is the tender birch pigeon Russula gracillima . In contrast to the birch spei bling, its spore powder is cream-colored and the stem is tinted pink. In addition, it is not quite as sharp in taste as the birch-spei-deaf.

ecology

The birch-spei-deafbling is like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with different birch species. Together with its host, the strict birch companion can occur in various forest communities, provided the location is humid enough. Mostly you can find it in raised bogs or at the edges of bog, in bog berry-bog birch forests or in spruce, pine or birch bog forests. It can also be found in wet or muddy places in montane fir-rich beech forests, in more humid spruce and spruce-fir forests as well as in various swamp forests .

The fungus prefers damp to waterlogging, acidic, nutrient-poor and oxygen-poor soils, such as pelosols , gley , brown and parabrown soils . The fruiting bodies of the birch pavilion appear from July to October from the lowlands to the higher mountains.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding the Birken-Spei-Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Birch Spei-Täubling was found in North and Central America (USA, Canada, Costa Rica and Mexico), in Asia (Japan and North and South Korea) and Europe. He can often be found at locations that suit him. In Europe, it is particularly widespread in Great Britain and Sweden.

    In Germany, the Täubling is widespread from the Alpine foothills and Upper Swabia over the low mountain ranges to the North German lowlands and the Elbe lowlands.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The Birken-Spei-Täubling is placed by Bon in the subsection Emeticinae (Syn .: subsection Russula ), which in turn is within the section Russula . The subsection contains small to medium-sized, fragile species with red or pink hats and white spore powder. The pigeons taste very hot and have a pleasant, mostly fruity smell. Sarnari puts the birch-spei-blubber in his section Atropurpurinae , because the hat skin partly contains a blue pigment. The mycorrizal anatomy and r-DNA examinations prove the close relationship with the cherry-red Speitubling. For a long time it was considered as Russula emetica var. Betularum only as a variety of this.

    meaning

    The Birken-Spei-Täubling is inedible due to its sharp taste. The raw consumption of sharp deafblings can lead to diarrhea, vomiting and intestinal cramps. For more information on the poisonous effect, see the cherry-red Speitäubling.

    literature

    • Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 70 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Synonyms of Russula betularum. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved September 5, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b c Roger Phillips: Mushrooms . Pan MacMillan, 2006, ISBN 0-330-44237-6 , p. 20.
    3. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 70 .
    4. ↑ Russula betularum. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 20 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved September 5, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    5. ↑ Roger Phillips: Russula betularum. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on January 28, 2015 ; accessed on September 5, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rogersmushrooms.com
    6. ↑ a b PILZOEK Selection according to the type of mushroom. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    7. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 557.
    8. ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula betularum. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
    9. ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas -Russula betularum. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
    10. ^ Russula betularum - GBIF Portal. In: GBIF Portal / GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    11. ↑ Russula Part 5: Edible pigeons. Der Tintling 95, issue 4/2015, pp. 29–38

    Web links

    Commons : Birken-Spei-Täubling ( Russula betularum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
    • Rudolf Markones: Russula betularum. In: Rudis Pilzgalerie / pilzseite.de. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .