Blue horns

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The Blue Horns ( Georgian ცისფერყანწელები Zisperqanzelebi ; derived from drinking horn ) were a group of young Georgian writers. She played an important role in the renewal of Georgian literature . Her avant-garde poems became known through translations by Boris Pasternak .

history

The Blues were founded horns in 1915 in Café Chimerioni (dt. Café Mirage ) in the House of Georgian society of artists on Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi , in the basement of today's Rustaveli Theater . The group was inspired by the poet Grigol Robakidze , who had returned from studying in Germany . The founding circle also included Paolo Iaschwili , Tizian Tabidse , Galaktion Tabidse , Nikolo Mizischwili , Kolau Nadiradse and Valerian Gaprindaschwili .

The 13-person group published the weekly Bachtrioni ( German  Die Barrikade ), later also the magazines Traumgazellen and Rubikon , and made a name for itself through radical literary experiments. Their goal was to combine traditional Georgian culture with modernity and technology. At first they felt obliged to symbolism , later they joined Dadaism . The new freedoms in the Democratic Republic of Georgia gave the group a strong boost from 1918 .

After the occupation of Georgia by the Red Army in 1921 , the literary avant-garde came under pressure. Paolo Iaschwili and Tizian Tabidse had greeted the communist troops with red carnations when they marched into Tbilisi . Robakidze took part in the anti-Soviet liberation movement in 1924 and emigrated to Germany in 1931 . At the end of the 1920s , the Blue Horns turned away from symbolism and sought refuge in a state-tolerated, patriotically oriented realism: "We give our heart to our country."

Many members of the group were arrested during the Stalin Purge . Paolo Iaschwili shot himself with a hunting rifle in July 1937 in the building of the Georgian Writers' Union. The union had found him guilty of anti-social activities and so destroyed his existence. Titian Tabidze was tortured to death on the instructions of the Transcaucasian Communist Party leader Lavrenti Beria that same year. When questioned about his Trotskyist accomplice during interrogation, he gave the name of a Georgian writer from the 18th century . Nikolo Mizishvili was also sentenced to death in 1937 and shot.

Kolau Nadiradse only escaped the purges by accident: his interrogator was arrested before the trial himself. Nadiradze decided to conform to the Communist Party for decades. He described his true attitude in a poem:

“It was snowing, all of Tbilisi was covered with a white shroud. Sioni was silent and the people were silent. Death came on a black horse with a red banner and sickle. "

Works

  • A sip from the blue drinking horn: poems of Georgian symbolism . M. Saladse et al. A. Korn, Vienna 1994.
  • Poety Gruzii . V perevodah BL Pasternaka i HS Tihonova. Vstupitelnaja statja, redaktsia i slovar Nikolo Mitsishvili, Tbilisi 1935.
  • Nikolo Mitsishvili: Izbrannoe . Sabchota Sakartvelo, Tbilisi 1971.
  • Kolau Nadiradze: Odnotomnik . Merani, Tbilisi 1971.
  • Kolau Nadiradze: Tbilisskoe utro: stikhi . Sovetskii pisatel, Moskva 1977.
  • Kolau Nadiradze: I dlitsia mai: stikhotvoreniia i poemy . Khudozhestvennaia literatura, Moskva 1981.
  • Galaktion Tabidze: Ten Poems . Ganatleba, Tbilisi 1975.
  • Galaktion Tabidze: Stihotvoreniâ . Sovetskii pisatel, Moskva / Leningrad 1983.
  • Titsian Tabidze: Stichotvorenija: perevod s gruzinskogo . Moskva 1960.
  • Titsian Tabidze: Stikhotvoreniya i poemy . Sovetskii pisatel, Moskva / Leningrad 1964.
  • Titsian Tabidze: Avtoportret: izbrannye stikhotvoreniia i poemy . Vsemirnoe slovo, Saint-Petersburg 1995. ISBN 5-86442-012-3 .

literature

  • Boris L. Pasternak : Letters to Georgia . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1968.
  • Donald Rayfield: The Literature of Georgia: A History . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1994. ISBN 0-19-815191-8 .
  • Tatiana Lvovna Nikolskaja: Avangard i okrestnosti . Izdat. Ivana Limbacha, Saint Petersburg 2002. ISBN 5-89059-010-3 .
  • Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: Tabije (Tabidse), Galaktion . In: Gero von Wilpert: Lexicon of world literature . Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004.
  • Kristiane Lichtenfeld : Galaction Tabidse . In: Georgica . Vol. 15 (1992), pp. 119-126.

Web links

Commons : Blue Horns  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Thea Kvastiani, Vadim Spolanski, Andreas Sternfeldt: Georgia - On the way between the Caucasus and the Black Sea . Ed .: Bernd Schwenkros, Detlev von Oppeln. 6th edition. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-89794-207-3 , pp. 160 .