Ramie plants
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The ramie plants ( Boehmeria ) are a genus of plants from the nettle family (Urticaceae). The best-known species is the so-called ramie ( Boehmeria nivea ), an important fiber plant .
description
Vegetative characteristics
In Boehmeria TYPES concerns perennial herbaceous plants or sometimes shrubs or small trees . All parts of the plant are without stinging hairs . Many species have rhizomes that creep underground . From the rhizomes, the flower-bearing shoots grow vertically upwards, which in some species can reach heights of up to 3 meters.
The leaves are opposite in most species , in some also alternate . In some species the leaves are clustered in rosettes at the shoot tips. As a rule, the leaves have three distinct main nerves. The leaf margin is strongly serrated, in a few species also lobed or only finely serrated. Stipules are present.
Generative characteristics
There are both monoecious and dioecious species in the genus. The flowers are in small clusters, which in almost all species are arranged along axillary, unbranched, rarely branched, side shoots, so that an apparently spike-like arrangement of the flowers arises. The flowers are four or five-fold. The perianth of the male flowers is almost completely divided, that of the female flowers is tubular with four or five short tips.
Distribution and systematics
The genus Boehmeria is common in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and America . There are 25 species in China alone, six of them only there. Some species can be found in temperate latitudes as far as Japan and North America . Most species grow in forests or on the edges of forests along rivers or roads.
The generic name Boehmeria was first published in 1760 by Nicolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum, quas in insulis Caribaeis , 9, p. 31. Type species is Boehmeria ramiflora Jacq. The generic name Boehmeria honors the botanist Georg Rudolf Boehmer .
The genus includes about 50 to 65 species (selection):
- Boehmeria biloba Wedd. : The home is Japan.
- Boehmeria caudata Sw.
- Boehmeria clidemioides Miq. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Myanmar and in China.
- Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. : It is found in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and islands in the Caribbean.
- Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & Arn : It occurs in the Chinese province of Guangdong, Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines.
- Boehmeria grandis (Hook. Et Arn.) Heller
- Boehmeria japonica (L. f.) Miq. : It occurs in Japan on Taiwan and in China.
- Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem. non D.Don : It occurs in Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and in China.
- Boehmeria nipononivea Koidz. (Syn .: Boehmeria nivea Gaudich. Var. Nipononivea (Koidz.) WTWang )
- Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. ): It is widespread in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Indonesia.
- Boehmeria penduliflora Wedd. ex DGLong : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and in China.
- Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd.
- Boehmeria silvestrii (Pamp.) WTWang : It occurs in China, Korea and Japan.
- Boehmeria spicata (Thunb.) Thunb. : It occurs in China, Korea and Japan.
- Boehmeria tomentosa Wedd. : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sichuan and Yunnan .
- Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino : It occurs in Japan, Taiwan, Korea and China.
- Boehmeria utilis Dubard
swell
- Chen Jiarui (陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui), Ib Friis & C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear: Boehmeria , p. 164 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X (Description and Distribution Sections)
- David E. Boufford: Urticaceae in the Flora of North America : Boehmeria - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (Description section)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Boehmeria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Supplementary literature
- Nihon-no yaso (Wild Herbs of Japan), ISBN 4-6350-9016-7
- Urania Plant Kingdom Volume 1
