Messages from Akka

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The messages from Akka ( English Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh ) is a collection of the writings of Baha'u'llah , the founder of the Baha'i religion .

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The text collection contains, among other things, the following writings, which were created after 1873.

Lawh-i-Karmil ("The Tablet of Carmel")

This three-sided tablet was probably revealed in Arabic on the fourth visit of Baha'u'llah to Mount Carmel in 1891 and contains references to the establishment of the Baha'i World Center on that mountain. Shoghi Effendi declared this table, which is also included in the grain harvest , as the charter of the world center.

Lawh-i-Aqdas ("The Most Holy Tablet")

In this table, which should not be confused with the Kitab-i-Aqdas , Baha'u'llah addresses a believer with a Christian background in Arabic. Because of its content, this tablet is sometimes referred to as the Epistle to Christians. In this, Baha'u'llah declares that he is "the return of Christ in the glory of the Father."

Bishárát ("The Good Tidings")

The style of this tablet suggests that it was not addressed to an individual, but to the peoples of the world. The board contains 15 sections called Good News on subjects such as the abolition of ordinances and customs such as holy war , monastic seclusion, and the confession of sins; Explanations about the introduction of a universal language and script and the establishment of the Lesser Peace; Work as devotional, the house of justice and the majesty of kingship.

Tarázát ("The Jewelry")

This tablet was revealed to a previously unknown believer and contains six sections, called Taráz, on subjects such as self-knowledge, associating "with followers of all religions in joy and harmony", good character, trustworthiness and the appreciation of art, technical Skills, love of truth and accuracy. At the end he addresses the followers of Bab and Hádí Dawlat-Ábádí, a mullah from Isfahan who professed Babism but later renounced his belief.

Tajallíyát ("The Radiance")

This tablet was revealed around 1885/6 in honor of Ustád Ali-Akbar-i-Banná, who worked on the designs for the first house of prayer in Ashgabat and who died a martyr in Yazd in 1903 . The first pages were revealed in Arabic and the rest in Persian . The tablet has four sections called the Tajallí, which explain: the knowledge of God; steadfastness in the cause of God; the value of arts, crafts, and sciences that benefit the peoples of the earth, rather than those "that begin with words and end with words," and the recognition of divinity in its manifestation.

Kalimát-i-Firdawsíyyih ("Words of Paradise")

Revealed in about 1890 in honor of the Persian Baha'i teacher and writer Hají Haydar Alí, this tablet contains eleven sections called the Leaves of Supreme Paradise. These deal with the fear of God, give recommendations to the rulers, the clergy, the scholars, the wise, the people on earth, the people of God and the people of Bahá about mercy, unity, justice, moderation and wisdom and denote hermitage and asceticism as unacceptable in God's presence. In it Bahá'u'lláh instructs the House of Justice to deliberate on those things that are not expressly revealed in the book and to do what they consider good. Bahá'u'lláh also warns: “A hell machine has been hatched and is proving to be a weapon of destruction, so cruel as it has never been seen or heard before.” He adds: “There are strange, startling things in the earth; but they are hidden from the mind and understanding of man. These things are capable of transforming the whole of the earth's atmosphere and contamination with them would be fatal ”.

Lawh-i-Dunyá ("Epistle on the World")

This letter was revealed in Persian in 1891 in honor of Àqá Mirzá Aqáy-i-Afnán. The addressee was a nephew of Khadijih Bagum, the wife of the Bab . In this missive, which was partly published in the Gleaning , Bahá'u'lláh proclaims some of his teachings to reconstruct human society. Many of these teachings have been revealed several times, such as: B. the establishment of an international language, education, etc. It attaches great importance to agriculture, recommends the constitutional government, calls on the House of Justice to promote the Lesser Peace, etc.

Ishráqát ("The Splendor")

The tablet is addressed to the coppersmith Jalíl-i-Khu`í from the Persian province of Azerbaijan and in particular answers his question on the subject of Greatest Infallibility. The panel begins in Arabic and continues in Persian. At the end of the table, Bahá'u'lláh presents some of his fundamental teachings under nine headings, all of which are labeled Ishráq. Bahá'u'lláh explicitly refers to the eighth Ishráq as an addendum to the Kitab-i-Aqdas .

Lawh-i-Hikmat ("Tablet of Wisdom")

This tablet was revealed in Arabic for Nabil-i-Akbar in 1873/4. Nabil was a Persian mujtahid who had studied philosophy, among other things. The tablet covers, among other things, the origin of creation, claims that the essence and basis of philosophy came from the prophets, and elaborates on the works and views of the ancient philosophers and sages. Are called, among other things , Aristotle , Empedocles , Hippocrates , Plato , Pythagoras , Socrates and Balinus that as Apollonius of Tyana is known. Some of the details mentioned here are not found in history books or contradict historical records.

Asl-i-Kullu'l-Khayr ("Words of Wisdom")

This table of only three pages contains aphorisms of wisdom. Baha'u'llah revealed about wisdom: “She is the infallible protector of man. She helps him and strengthens him. Wisdom is God's messenger; it reveals His Name, the All-Knower. ”(Baha'u'llah: Words of Paradise). He also revealed: "Know that wisdom means to fear God, to know Him and to acknowledge His manifestations". (Baha'u'llah: Súratu'l-Mulúk)

Lawh-i-Maqsúd ("Letter to Maqsúd")

The addressee of this missive, which is also partly contained in the Gleaning , was one of the early believers who lived in Damascus and Jerusalem . In this letter, Baha'u'llah proclaims to the peoples that the sanctuary of unity has been established. To achieve unity on an individual level, he deals with training and education and defines a real person as someone who today surrenders to the service of the whole human race. Hence, such knowledge should be acquired that will be of use to the educated as well as to all humanity. Studies that begin with words and end with words have never been and never will be of value since. As an example, he cites most of the scholars of Persia who spend their entire lives studying a philosophy. At the social level, he advocates holding an international assembly at which the foundations of the greatest world peace should be worked out in the presence of rulers and kings. He announces that the nations will then need fewer soldiers. He also hopes that the world's religious leaders and their rulers will rise together to reshape this age and restore its welfare. He advises those in power to exercise moderation in all things. As an example he cites freedom and civilization, which, if excessively increased, will have a pernicious influence on people. In order to bring about unity, he also suggests an expert conference of the peoples at which a universal language and script should be selected or created, which must then be taught to children in all schools around the world.

Súriy-i-Vafá ("Letter to Vafá")

This panel answers the questions Vafás (= loyalty), the honorary name of the believer Shaykh Muhammad-Husayn from Shiraz , about the return, the worlds and commandments of God and a warning from Baha'u'llah on his departure from Iraq. The answer to the worlds of God, which are described as innumerable and infinitely wide, is also published in the harvest of corn . Baha'u'llah also explains the importance of paradise.

Lawh-i-Siyyid-i-Mihdíy-i-Dahají ("Letter to Siyyid Mihdíh-i Dahají")

There are many exhortations in this missive to the community and to the addressee who was one of the best teachers of the faith in the time of Baha'u'llah. Many commandments concern teaching the faith. Baha'u'llah recommends, among other things, learning divine verses by heart so that they can be reproduced in the course of an address.

Lawh-i-Burhán ("Letter of Evidence")

This missive was revealed soon after the martyrdom of Siyyid-Muhammad-Hassan and Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn on March 17, 1879 in Isfahan and is to Shaykh Muhammad Baqir († December 1893 in Najaf ), who was one of the leading mujtahids of Isfahan and of Baha 'u'llah was referred to as a wolf. Almost all of the missive was re-revealed in the letter to the son of the wolf .

Kitáb-i-Ahd (The "Book of the Covenant")

The book of the covenant comprises 4.5 pages in the messages from Akka and represents the testament of Baha'u'llah in which he declares his last will and appoints his eldest son, Abdul-Baha, to interpret his writings.

Lawh-i-Ard-i-Bá ("Letter about the Land of Bá")

This tribute to Abdul-Baha was addressed to Baha'u'llah's eldest son in 1879 when he was staying in Beirut (Land Bá) at the invitation of the Governor of Syria .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Baha'u'llah: Messages from Akka. Revealed according to the Kitab-i-Aqdas . Bahai-Verlag, Hofheim 1982, ISBN 3-87037-143-9 , pp. 7 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Wendi Momen: A Basic Bahá`í Dictionary . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1989, ISBN 0-85398-231-7 , pp. 128-129 .
  3. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Baha'u'llah (Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 227 .
  4. ^ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh (Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 161-167 .
  5. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 168-176 .
  6. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 118-144 .
  7. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 214-226 .
  8. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 329-348 .
  9. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 145-160 .
  10. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 33-49 .
  11. ↑ Hasan Balyuzi : Eminent Baha'ís in the Time of Baha'u'llah . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1985, ISBN 0-85398-151-5 , pp. 112-115 .
  12. ^ Baha'u'llah: Messages from Akka. Revealed according to the Kitab-i-Aqdas . Bahai-Verlag, Hofheim 1982, ISBN 3-87037-143-9 , pp. 84 ( online ).
  13. ↑ Baha'u'llah: Claim and proclamation: letters from Edirne and Akká . Bahai-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-87037-419-8 , pp. 254 .
  14. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 235-236 .
  15. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 205-213 .
  16. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 236-238 .
  17. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 91 .
  18. ↑ Wendi Momen: A Basic Bahá`í Dictionary . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1989, ISBN 0-85398-231-7 , pp. 130 .
  19. ^ Moojan Momen: The Bábí and Bahá`í Religions 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1981, ISBN 0-85398-102-7 , pp. 513 .
  20. ↑ Baha'u'llah: Kitab-i-Ahd . In: Messages from Akka. Revealed according to the Kitab-i-Aqdas . Bahai-Verlag, Hofheim-Langenhain 1982, ISBN 3-87037-143-9 ( online ).
  21. ↑ Adib Taherzadeh: The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh Volume 4) . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford 1987, ISBN 0-85398-269-4 , pp. 240 .

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