Brown-bellied shadow hummingbird
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Brown-bellied shadow hummingbird |
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| Phaethornis bourcieri | ||||||||||||
| ( Lesson, RP , 1832) |
The brown-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis bourcieri ) or straight-billed hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area of this species includes the countries of Colombia , Venezuela , the Guyanas , Brazil , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The brown-bellied shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of approx. 12.9 cm with a body weight of only approx. 4.3 g, whereby the straight beak is 3.3 cm long. The top is matt bronze green with a brownish tint. Behind the eye they have a short yellow-brown line and a yellow-brown to whitish cheek line. The underside is greyish yellow-brown with a central white throat line. The tail is dull bronze green with a dark subterminal band and thin white tips. The elongated central control springs are spotted white.
behavior
The males claim small singing areas for themselves . They usually sit one to four meters high. They bob their tails up and down as they sing. They always seem to be hectic and fly quickly from one flower to the next in the lower layer of the forest. They mostly act as typical pollinators, but they occasionally steal nectar by drilling into the corolla from the outside. They regularly visit flowers on the edge of the forest.
Vocalizations
The typical call in flight sounds like a lively triple tre, tre, tre , which is emitted very quickly. Occasionally it sounds like a bli, blip, or even just a blip . Females emit a high-sounding tiz-e-tiz-e , sounds that sound similar to insects.
distribution and habitat
They are relatively common in the humid foothills of the Sierra de Lema in the east of Bolívar at altitudes below 1200 meters. They are also relatively common in the adjacent humid plains of the upper reaches of the Río Cuyuní . They are seldom or not found in damp or bushy areas or forests with poor soil, e.g. B. with white sandy subsoil.
Subspecies
There are two known subspecies:
- Phaethornis bourcieri bourcieri ( Lesson, RP , 1832) - The nominate form occurs in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guyanas, northern Brazil north of the Amazon , eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru.
- Phaethornis bourcieri major Hinkelmann , 1989 - This subspecies is distributed in Brazil south of the Amazon .
Phaethornis whitelyi Boucard , 1891 - A subspecies that is occasionally found in literature is now considered a synonym for the nominate form.
Etymology and history of research
René Primevère Lesson described the brown-bellied shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus Bourcieri . He had received the type specimen from Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet (1807–1889), who was living in Brazil at the time. With the description came a tablet supplied by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre (1768–1849). In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)), which was later assigned to the brown-bellied shadow hummingbird. This name is derived from the Greek words »phaethōn Φαέθων « for »the shining one, the shining one« and »órnis όρνις « for »bird«. The species name was given in honor of Jules Bourcier . Major is derived from the Latin »maioris, magnus« for »larger, large«. Whitelyi was dedicated to Henry Whitely (1844-1892), who had sent two bellows to Adolphe Boucard (1839-1905).
literature
- Steven Leon Hilty , John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de ).
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- René Primevère Lesson: Les trochilidées, ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches, suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus. Ouvrage orné de planches dessinées et gravées par les meilleurs artistes, 66 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1832 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Christoph Hinkelmann: Notes on the taxonomy and geographic variation of Phaethornis bourcieri (Abes: Trochilidae) with the description of a new subspecies . In: Bonn zoological contributions . tape 40 , no. 2 , 1989, pp. 99-107 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Adolphe Boucard: Notes on rare species of Humming Birds and description of Several Supposed New Species in Boucard's Museum . In: The Humming Bird. A Monthly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1891, p. 17-18 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Phaethornis bourcieri inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.2. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Straight-billed Hermit ( Phaethornis bourcieri ) . Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Straight-billed Hermit (Phaethornis bourcieri) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Brown-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis bourcieri ) at Avibase; accessed on September 9, 2016.
- Phaethornis bourcieri in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Straight-billed Hermit ( Phaethornis bourcieri )
- Brown-bellied shadow hummingbird (Phaethornis bourcieri) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved September 18, 2017 (English).