Henry Whitely

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Henry Whitely (born June 18, 1844 in Woolwich , United Kingdom , † July 24, 1892 in British Guiana ) was a British naturalist and explorer . He was particularly interested in ornithology and entomology .

Live and act

His father Henry Whitely Senior (1817–1898) was a curator at the Royal Artillery Institution Museum in Woolwich and later became a natural produce dealer. His mother was named Elizabeth Whitely. His father published in 1846 with Natural history of British tits a book on titmice and in 1847 and 1848 two further volumes on finches under the name Natural history of British Finches .

In March 1864, Whitely Junior set out on his first expedition to Japan to accompany Captain Thomas Blakiston (1832-1891) in Hakodate on Yeso Island . He published his travelogue in The Ibis in 1867 . Whitely collected for many of the leading ornithologists of his time. He sent bellows such as the type specimen of the white-necked sylph ( Oreonympha nobilis ) from Tinta and a subspecies of the blue fork-tailed hummingbird ( Eupetomena macroura hirundo ) from Huiro in Peru to John Gould (1804-1881) or for Osbert Salvin (1835-1898) and Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919) from British Guiana a peacock elf ( Lophornis pavoninus ).

At San Pedro Sula in Honduras he shot buzzards that Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) made available to the Hof-Naturalien-Cabinet in Vienna. However, it can be assumed that August von Pelzeln (1825-1891) and Ludwig von Lorenz-Liburnau (1856-1953) are wrong with their assumption that it was Henry, because it was probably his uncle George Miller Whitely who was responsible for Sclater and Salvin collected in Honduras around 1869.

On April 2, 1867, he left Southampton for Peru. He finally landed via Panama on May 6, 1867 in the Peruvian provincial capital Islay . From here he first collected in the Lomas near Islay. On May 19, he finally set out with two guides for Arequipa , which he finally reached 24 hours later. Together with Mr. Gibson and three porters, his journey took him to the village of Chihuata for an overnight stay to the Laguna Salinas , a salt lake at an altitude of 4,300 meters. Finally he collected in the valley of the Río Tambo , which flows into the Pacific about 50 kilometers south of Islay. After he left the Arequipa region, he gathered near the Andean village of Tinta on an arm of the Río Vilcamayu southeast of Cusco . Here his friend Joseph Turner, who died on March 3, 1881 in Tinto and was with Clorinda Matto de Turner , shot and prepared a subspecies of the red duck ( Merganetta armata turneri ), which Sclater and Salvin named after his friend in 1861 at the request of Whitely has been. From Tinta he made a detour to the higher Andean villages Tungasuca and Pitumarca. On August 12, 1868 he left Tinta and reached Cusco on August 17, where, after a short stay, he set off for Paucartambo . On August 31, he climbed the 3739 meter high Tres Cruces ridge together with a pack animal driver and an Indian , which they finally reached on September 2. From the summit he descended into the valley of the Río Cosñipata , where he met a small village of the Chuncho Indian tribe at an altitude of about 500 meters . After he had to spend three months in the valley due to the onset of the rainy season, he returned to Paucartambo healthy on November 30, 1968. In 1873 he sent more bellows from the area around Cosñipata to Philip Lutley Sclater and Osbert Salvin and a little later another 56 copies which Sclater described alone. Two more deliveries from the Cuzco area followed. The bellows for the second delivery came from the area around the villages of Maramora, Potrero, and Huiro in the Santa Ana Valley.

He crossed the Andes and spent some time in Iquitos . His collection from this area bought, among other things, the British Museum of Natural History through his father. From there he traveled across the Amazon to the Brazilian state of Pará .

The results of his extensive collections were mainly published in A Monograph of the Trochilidae or Family of Humming-Birds by John Gould, the journals The Ibis, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London and The Annals and magazine of natural history , as well as that of Adolphe Boucard published journal The Humming Bird A Quaterly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review .

In addition to bird skins , he also gathered a huge collection of insects. He had a considerable collection of beetles ( Coleoptera ) and butterflies ( Lepidoptera ), many of which were new to science. This is how Herbert Druce (1846–1913) described some of the butterflies he collected in Peru in 1874.

His bird preparations were considered the best quality in his time. So wrote Boucard in his necrology :

"I was fortunate enough to aquire from his father, Mr. Henry Whitely, a very large series of skins prepared by his son, and I rank them among the most precious of my collection. (German: I was lucky enough to be able to buy a large number of bellows from his father Henry Whitely, which his son had prepared and which I classify as the most precious of my collection. "

According to the newspaper Daily Chronicle from Georgetown on 30 July 1892 Whitely died in his camp on "Annie Scapy river". According to an Indian companion that the incident to the authorities in Bartica reported that he was by malaria in a state of delirium dejected and also by the loss of his bird hunting yield by the sinking of his boat. This was probably why he eventually shot himself.

Dedication names

In 1884 Salvin and Godman dedicated the scientific epithet of the breast ligament kotinga ( Pipreola whitelyi ) and a subspecies of the blue-winged tangar ( Tangara cyanoptera whitelyi ) to him. The English common name Whitely's Tanager is occasionally found in literature for the subspecies . Finally, in 1885, Salvin honored him with the name of another species, the Roraiman nightjar ( Caprimulgus whitelyi ). Edward Blyth honored Whitely in 1867 with the scientific name of a subspecies of the cuckoo owl ( Glaucidium cuculoides whiteleyi ). Furthermore, a subspecies of the black-throated brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa Schreibersii whitelyana ) (Gould, 1872) still bears his name today. Together with William Matthew Hart (1830-1908) they illustrated the hummingbird as Ionolæma whitelyana , which Gould also described under the common name Whitely's Humming-bird . Richard Bowdler Sharpe corrected an analysis by Salvin in 1888 and found that gray monkeys collected by Whitely at the Roraima tepui represented a new subspecies. Therefore his name was honored once more in Whiteley's Seed-eater and in Sporophila plumbea whiteleyana .

Boucard also paid his respects to him in 1891 with a subspecies of the brown-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis bourcieri whitelyi ) and in 1893 with a subspecies of the short-billed amazily ( Amazilia brevirostris whitelyi ). Both are now considered synonyms for Phaethornis bourcieri bourcieri and Amazilia brevirostris brevirostris . Whitely's Emerald and Whitely's Hermit also found their way into English-language literature.

With Necyria bellona whitelyiana Druce honored the people of this riodinidae had collected in Huasampilla.

  • Subspecies of the black-throated brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa Schreibersii whitelyana ) after John Gould and William Matthew Hart

  • Chest band kotinga ( Pipreola whitelyi ) painted by John Gerrard Keulemans

  • Blue-winged tangerine subspecies ( Tangara cyanoptera whitelyi ) painted by John Gerrard Keulemans

Works

  • Letter: Stercorarius parasiticus . In: The Ibis . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1866, p. 127 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Notes on Birds collected near Hakodadi in Northern Japan . In: The Ibis . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1867, p. 193-211 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Notes on Humming-birds collected in High Peru . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1873, p. 187–191 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012]).
  • Additional Notes on Humming-birds collected in High Peru . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1873, p. 784 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012]).
  • Further Notes on Humming-birds collected in High Peru . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1874, p. 675-676 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012]).
  • Explorations in the Neighborhood of Mounts Roraima and Kukenam, in British Guiana . In: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography . tape 6 , 1884, p. 452-463 ( archive.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).

literature

  • Adolphe Boucard: Henry Whitely . In: The Humming Bird A Quaterly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review . tape 5 , 1895, p. 14 ( archive.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Unknown: Obituary: Henry Whitely . In: The Ibis . tape 5 , no. 18 , 1893, p. 287–288 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Edward Blyth: The Ornithology of Ceylon - A Supplement to Dr. Jerdon's 'Birds of India' . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 11 , 1867, p. 294-314 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • John Gould: Description of a new genus and species of the family Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1869, p. 295-296 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • John Gould: Description of three new species of humming birds . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history . tape 10 , 1872, p. 452-453 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • John Gould: On a new species of the genus Eupetomena . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history . tape 16 , 1875, pp. 370 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012]).
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Notes on Birds from British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 6 , no. 21 , 1882, p. 76-84 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Notes on Birds from British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 1 , no. 2 , 1883, p. 203-212 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012]).
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Notes on Birds from British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 2 , no. 8 , 1884, p. 443-452 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 10 , 1885, p. 195-219 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012] a).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 11 , 1885, p. 291-306 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012] b).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 12 , 1885, p. 418-439 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012] c).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 13 , 1886, p. 57-78 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012] a).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 14 , 1886, p. 168-181 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012] b).
  • Osbert Salvin: A List of Birds obtained by Mr. Henry Whitely in British Guiana . In: The Ibis . tape 3 , no. 16 , 1886, p. 499-502 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 26, 2012] c).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part I, 1867, p. 982-991 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part II, 1868, p. 173–177 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] a).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part III, 1868, p. 568-570 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] b).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part IV, 1869, pp. 151–158 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] a).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part V, 1869, p. 596-601 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] b).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: Exotic Ornithology containing figures and descriptions of new or rare species of American birds . Bernard Quaritch, London 1869 ( online [accessed July 24, 2012] c).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Birds collected by Mr. George M. Whitely on the Coast of Honduras . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1870, p. 835-839 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 25, 2012]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part VI, 1873, p. 184-187 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] a).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: Exhibition of bird-skins collected by Mr. Henry Whitely in Japan . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London . 1865, p. 618 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 29, 2013]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part VII, 1873, p. 596-601 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 24, 2012] b).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part VIII, 1874, p. 677-680 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 25, 2012]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Peruvian Birds collected by Mr. H. Whitely . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . Part Part IX, 1876, p. 15-19 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 25, 2012]).
  • Herbert Druce: List of the Butterflies of Peru, with Description of new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1876, p. 205-253 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 25, 2012]).
  • Herbert Druce: Description of Fifteen new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly from South America . In: Transactions of the Entomological Society of London . 1874, p. 155-160 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 25, 2012]).
  • Richard Bowdler Sharpe: Catalog of the Birds in the British Museum . tape 12 . Order of the Trustees, London 1888 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 27, 2012]).
  • Richard Bowdler Sharpe: The history of the collections contained in the natural history departments of the British Museum . British Museum of Natural History, London 1906, p. 370 ( archive.org [accessed July 26, 2012]).
  • August von Pelzeln, Ludwig von Lorenz: Types of the ornithological collection of the kk natural history court museum . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna . tape 1 , 1886, p. 1–326 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed July 20, 2012]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unknown, p. 287.
  2. ^ John Gould (1869), p. 296.
  3. ^ John Gould (1875), p. 370.
  4. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a. (1882), p. 81.
  5. ↑ August von Pelzeln et al., P. 253.
  6. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1870), p. 835.
  7. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1867), p. 982.
  8. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1867), p. 983.
  9. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1868a), p. 173.
  10. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1868b), p. 568.
  11. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1869c), p. 200.
  12. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1869a), p. 151.
  13. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1869b), p. 597.
  14. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a. (1873a), p. 185.
  15. ↑ Philip Sclater (1873b), S. 779th
  16. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1874) and a., p. 677.
  17. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1876) and a., p. 16.
  18. ↑ a b Unknown, p. 288.
  19. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1906), p. 510.
  20. ↑ a b c Adolphe Boucard, p. 14.
  21. ↑ Herbert Druce (1876), pp. 205ff.
  22. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a. (1884), p. 449.
  23. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a. (1884), p. 445.
  24. ↑ Osbert Salvin (1885c), S. 438th
  25. ^ Edward Blyth, p. 313.
  26. ^ John Gould (1872), p. 452.
  27. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1888), p. 98.
  28. ^ Herbert Druce (1874), p. 159.
personal data
SURNAME Whitely, Henry
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British naturalist
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Woolwich
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1892
Place of death British Guiana