Short-billed amazily

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Short-billed amazily
Short-billed amazily

Short-billed amazily

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Short-billed amazily
Scientific name
Amazilia brevirostris
( Lesson, RP , 1829)

The short-billed amazily ( Amazilia brevirostris ) or snow-breasted amazilie is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The range of this species includes parts of the countries Trinidad , Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The short-billed amazily reaches a body length of about 9 to 10 cm, with the males weighing about 4.6 g and the females 4.4 g. The male has a straight, short black bill. The top of the head and the cheeks shimmer turquoise green. The top shines bronze-green, a color that merges into copper at the rump and tail. The middle area of ​​the underside is white, the flanks and sides of the chest are bronze green. The under tail-coverts are golden green in the middle with white edges. The lateral tail feathers are bronze to copper colored and look more matt towards the top. They have black subterminal lines. Females have grayish spots on the outer tail feathers . Fledglings resemble females, but have a yellowish to reddish color at the base of the lower mandible.

Behavior and nutrition

They get their nectar mainly from large trees such as coral trees and rain trees, smaller trees such as Calliandra , herbs such as acanthus of the genus Pachystachys and various species belonging to the families of the mallow family , legumes , trumpet tree , Vochysiaceae and verbena . They also hunt smaller insects directly on the plants or by chasing them in flight.

Vocalizations

The reputation is variable and therefore very difficult to describe. It consists of harmonious nasal sounds and beeps. Usually they repeat their sounds with sounds like tsri-li ... tsri-li ... tsri-li , ti-tink-tink-tink .. tsi-tink..ti-tink-tink-tink..tsi -tink or tii-tjitjitjitjit .... tii-tjitjitjitjit sound.

Reproduction

They breed at least from December to April. They build their chalice-like nest from greyish plant fibers, which they decorate with lichen. You place this on horizontal branches 1 to 7 meters above the ground. A brood consists of two eggs that are hatched by the female. The nestlings fledge at around 20 days.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the short-billed amazily

The short-billed amazily lives in rainforests, semi-evergreen forests, gallery forests , secondary vegetation, bushes, savannas and agricultural landscapes that are only partially used. In Trinidad, she prefers open valleys with cocoa plantations. It moves at heights between sea level and 500 meters. A. b. orienticola is an inhabitant of coastal landscapes.

migration

Little research has been done into the migratory behavior of the short-billed amazily. Most populations are likely to be resident birds .

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Amazilia brevirostris chionopectus ( Gould , 1859) is widespread in Trinidad . This subspecies is significantly larger in all morphological features than the nominate form .
  • Amazilia brevirostris brevirostris ( Lesson , RP, 1829) occurs in eastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and north-central Brazil.
  • Amazilia brevirostris orienticola Todd , 1942 is widespread in the coastal areas of French Guiana. This subspecies is darker on the top and flanks. It also has a distinct bronze tint.

Uranomitra whitelyi Boucard , 1893 is now considered a synonym for the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

René Primevère Lesson described the short-billed amazily under the name Ornismya brevirostris . The type specimen came from Guyana. In 1843 Lesson introduced the new generic name Amazilia for the gold - masked hummingbird , the striped - tailed hummingbird , the cinnamon-bellied hummingbird (syn .: Ornysmia cinnamomea ), the blue-throated star hummingbird (syn .: Ornymia rufula ) and the longuemare sun nymph . He did not mention the rust-bellied amazilia ( Amazilia amazilia ). This name comes from a novel by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, about an Inca heroine named Amazili. The species name is a Latin combination of "brevis" for "short" and "-rostris, rostrum" for "-beaked, beak". "Orienticola" is made up of the Latin words "oriens, orientis" for "east east" and "-cola, colere" for "residents, inhabit". After all, “chionopectus” is a word structure from the Greek “chiōn, chionos χιων, χιονος ” for “snow” and the Latin “pectus, pectoris” for “breast”. »Whitelyi« is dedicated to the collector Henry Whitely (1844–1895).

literature

  • André-Alexander Weller , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-chested Emerald (Amazilia brevirostris). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René Primevère Lesson , Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition . tape 1 : Zoology , No. 2 . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ouvrage orné de planches desinées et gravée par les meilleurs artistes et dédié A SAR Mademoiselle. - 81 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet, Marie Clémence Lesson after Louis Pierre Vieillot, Antoine Charles Vauthier after William Swainson, Pancrace Bessa , Elisa Zoé Dumont de Sainte Croix) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1829 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant . Series 2, volume 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Description of several supposed new species of humming birds . In: The Humming Bird. A quarterly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1893, p. 6-10 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 5 , delivery 18. Taylor and Francis, London 1859 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: List of the hummingbirds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum . In: Annals of the Carnegie Museum . tape 29 , no. 12 , 1942, pp. 271-370 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Short-billed Amazilie ( Amazilia brevirostris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h André-Alexander Weller u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ John Gould, plate 293 & text.
  4. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1829), p. XXXV (plate 77).
  5. ^ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 319.
  6. ↑ a b Adolphe Boucard, p. 8.
  7. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757.
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1827), p. 683 (plate 3).
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 77.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 284.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 101.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 55, plate 293 appeared as part of delivery 18 from 1859.