Peacock elf

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Peacock elf
Peacock elf

Peacock elf

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Coquettes (Lophornitini)
Genre : Lophornis
Type : Peacock elf
Scientific name
Lophornis pavoninus
Salvin & Godman , 1882

The peacock elf ( Lophornis pavoninus ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is found in Venezuela , Guyana , Brazil and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The peacock elf reaches a body length of approx. 9.7 cm. The male has a short straight black beak. The head glistens golden-green with a black central line. The top appears dark green with a white band across the rump . The throat is black, the broad shimmering green tufts of cheekbones have large blackish blue spots in the rear area, fox-red with white spots towards the center. The rest of the underside is greyish green. The slightly forked tail is bronze-colored purple. The female lacks the tuft of cheekbones. The top is golden bronze with a yellow-brown white band over the rump. The throat has black stripes, the lateral feathers are elongated black and white. The rest of the underside is spotted black, white, and green. The grayish tail has a broad purple-bronze subterminal band . The outer control springs are white at the top. Immature juveniles resemble the females.

Behavior and nutrition

The Pfauenelfe takes its nectar from plants of the genera Inga , lantana , Rubus , sage and the families of the bromeliads , the Rautengewächse and the daisy family . Arthropods collect them from the foliage. You can observe up to five individuals in flowering trees at the same time, but these can also only be individual specimens.

Brood

No reliable data are available about the peacock elf breeding season. The goblet-like nest is attached to horizontal branches about 2 meters above the ground. A clutch consists of two eggs. The incubation period lasts between 13 and 14 days and the eggs are only incubated by the female. The nestlings fledge at 20 days.

Vocalizations

The song of the peacock elf has not yet been scientifically described.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the peacock elf

The peacock elf prefers rainforests, cloud and cloud forests , clearings and forest edges at altitudes of 500 to 2000 meters.

migration

The peacock elf is usually considered to be a resident bird , but there appears to be migratory movements in southeastern Venezuela. Here populations seem to move on from the Sierra de Lema , as it is only particularly common there in the rainy season. Gender-specific migrations also seem possible.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Lophornis pavoninus pavoninus Salvin & Godman , 1882 is distributed on the Ptare-Tepui in southeastern Venezuela, on the Roraima-Tepui in southeastern Venezuela and north-central Brazil, and in the Merume Mountains in Guyana.
  • Lophornis pavoninus duidae Chapman , 1929 occurs on Mount Duida in southeastern Venezuela. The subspecies has a broad median stripe on the skull. The fox-red spots at the base of the cheek tufts are significantly reduced, the whites are completely absent.

Polemistria pavonina punctigula ( Zimmer & Phelps , 1946) is a synonym for the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

The peacock elf was first described in 1882 by Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman under the scientific name Lophornis pavoninus . The type specimen was collected by Henry Whitely and came from the Merume Mountains. In 1829 Lesson introduced the new genus Lophornis, among other things, for the ornamental elf . "Lophornis" is made up of the Greek words "lophos λόφος " for "crown, forehead" and "ornis όρνις " for "bird". The species name pavoninus means "peacock" from the Latin "pavo, pavonis" for "peacock". "Duidae" refers to the place where it was found, Mount Duida. Punctigula is a Latin word formation from »punctumm pungere« for »spot, perforate« and »gula« for »throat«.

literature

  • Thomas Züchner, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Peacock Coquette (Lophornis pavoninus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: Notes on Birds from British Guiana . In: The Ibis (=  4 ). tape 6 , no. 46 , 1882, pp. 76-84 ( biodiversity library ).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : Descriptions of new birds from Mt. Duida, Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 380 , 1929, pp. 1–27 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • John Todd Zimmer , William Henry Phelps: Twenty-three new subspecies of birds from Venezuela and Brazil . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1312 , 1946, pp. 1–24 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • René Primevère Lesson : Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches, ouvrage orné de planches desinées et gravée par les meilleurs artistes et dédié A SAR Mademoiselle. - 85 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet, Marie Clémence Lesson after Louis Pierre Vieillot, Antoine Charles Vauthier after William Swainson, Pancrace Bessa , Elisa Zoé Dumont de Sainte Croix) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1829-1830).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson, Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .

Web links

Commons : Peacock Elf ( Lophornis pavoninus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Thomas Züchner u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Osbert Salvin u. a., p. 81.
  4. ↑ a b Frank Michler Chapman, p. 15.
  5. ↑ John Todd Zimmer et al. a., p. 4.
  6. ↑ René Primevère Lesson (1829-1830), pp. Xxxvii
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 230
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 294
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 324.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lesson categorized Ornismya Nattereri a synonym for the hyacinth visorbearer ( Augastes scutatus ( Temminck , 1824)), Ornismya petasophora a synonym for the white-vented violetear ( Colibri serrirostris ( Vieillot , 1816)), Ornismya delalandii a synonym for the Grünhaubenelfe ( Stephanoxis lalandi ( Vieillot , 1818)), Ornismya cristata a synonym for the Antilles hood Hummingbird ( Orthorhyncus cristatus ( Linnaeus , 1758)), Ornismya ornata a synonym for Schmuckelfe ( Lophornis ornatus ( Boddaert , 1783)), Ornismya strumaria synonymous with frilled coquette ( Lophornis magnificus ( Vieillot , 1817)) and Ornismya vieillotii a synonym for butterfly elf ( Lophornis chalybeus ( Temminck , 1821)) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the publication history of the work, see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. S. 117. The work was published in 17 deliveries from 1829 to 1830. S. XXV-Xl appeared in December 1829