Antilles crested hummingbird

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Antilles crested hummingbird
Antilles crested hummingbird

Antilles crested hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Orthorhyncus
Type : Antilles crested hummingbird
Scientific name of the  genus
Orthorhyncus
Lacepede , 1799
Scientific name of the  species
Orthorhyncus cristatus
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The Antilles hood Hummingbird ( Orthorhyncus cristatus ) is a species of bird in the family of hummingbirds (Trochilidae). The distribution area includes Barbados , Grenadines , Grenada , St. Vincent , the east of Puerto Rico and extends south over the Lesser Antilles to St. Lucia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The male Antilles hooded hummingbird reaches a body length of 8–9.5 cm at a weight of 4 g, the female at 3.5 g also reaches a body length of 8–9.5 cm. The male has a straight, short black beak. The head has a green crest that is speckled metallic green to bright blue. The upper side is colored matt metallic bronze green, the underside sooty black. The black tail is rounded. The beak of the female is similar to that of the male. They don't have a comb on their heads. The front of the head, the top of the head and the top are metallic bronze green. The underside is light gray. The rounded tail, which is also black, is broadly white-gray speckled on the outer control feathers. Immature Antilles hummingbirds resemble the females, but the head feathers are tinted a cinnamon brown.

behavior

They feed on the nectar of flowering bushes such as changing herb and milkweed , vine plants and the lower areas of hedges and trees such as hibiscus , Bauhinien , Tabebuia and Delonix . In addition, they collect smaller arthropods from the plants or chase insects out of the air.

Reproduction

They breed all year round, but mostly from March to June. They attach their cup-shaped nest to thin twigs or tendrils at heights between one and three meters above the ground. Often these are covered by leaves. The inside of the nest is lined with soft plant fibers, the outside is decorated with smaller dead leaves. The clutch consists of two eggs with a breeding time by the female of 17 to 19 days. The nestlings are dark gray. They fledge at around 19 to 21 days. The young stay with their mother for three to four weeks. They have their first brood in the second year of life.

Vocalizations

The call sounds like a short tsip or a long series of tsli-tsli-tsli-tsli sounds.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the Antilles hummingbird

The Antilles' Hummingbird prefers to be found in open vegetation, parks and gardens, plantations and on the edges of forests at heights below 500 meters. They are considered to be stationary birds with smaller migrations to higher altitudes in July and August.

Subspecies

So far, four subspecies are known:

  • Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis ( Gmelin, JF , 1788) - This subspecies occurs from Puerto Rico across the Lesser Antilles to St. Lucia. In contrast to the nominate form, the crest is completely green or only very slightly blue at the top.
  • Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus Gould , 1861 - This subspecies is only found on the island of St. Vincent. They are suddenly colored blue at the top of the ridge.
  • Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus ( Linnaeus , 1758) - The nominate form occurs only in Barbados.
  • Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans Lawrence , 1877 - This subspecies occurs in Grenada and the Grenadines. They are similar to the nominate form but the color of the crest is bluish purple.

The brightness of the underside in the females varies in all subspecies.

Etymology and history of research

Carl von Linnéa described the hummingbird under the name Trochilus cristatus . He generally gave America as home. In 1799, Bernard Germain Lacépède introduced the genus Orthorhyncus . This name is derived from the Greek »orthos ορθος « for »straight« and »rhynchos ῥυγχος « for »beak«. The species name »cristatus« is the Latin word for »haubig, kammig, bushy«. "Ornatus" is the Latin word for "decorated". "Exilis" is also Latin and means "small, narrow, slim".

literature

  • Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Antillean Crested Hummingbird (Orthorhyncus cristatus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 10th edition. tape 1 . Imprensis Direct Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 1 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1788 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 4 , delivery 14. Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of a New Species of Birds of the Families Trochilidae and Tetranonidae . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 1 , no. 1/2 , 1877, p. 50-52 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Bernard Germain Lacépède: Discours d'Ouverture et de Clôture du Cours d'Histoire Naturelle Donné dans le Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle l'an VII de la République, et Tableaux méthodiques des Mammifères et des Oiseaux . Chez Plassant, Paris 1799 ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Commons : Antilles hummingbird ( Orthorhyncus cristatus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin, p. 484.
  4. ^ John Gould, Plate 206 & text.
  5. ↑ a b Carl von Linné, p. 121.
  6. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 50.
  7. ^ Bernard Germain Lacépède, p. 9.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 285.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 110.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 284.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 155.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In Frederick Herschel Waterhouse, p. 52 the year of publication and delivery of the plate is shown in A monograph of the Trochilidæ .