Brefeldia maxima
| Brefeldia maxima | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brefeldia maxima , fruiting body |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Brefeldia | ||||||||||||
| Rostaf. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Brefeldia maxima | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr. ) Rostaf. |
Brefeldia maxima is a species of slime mold and the only representative of the genus Brefeldia from the order of the Stemonitida . It is known from Europe, America and Asia and can reach extraordinary sizes. It is named after the mycologist Oscar Brefeld .
features
The Plasmodium is white and can become extremely large; a specimen found in 1999 was estimated to weigh 20 kilograms. The fruiting bodies are cushion-shaped, dark brown to black ethers , which reach a total size of up to 30, rarely up to 61 centimeters in diameter and 2 centimeters in height. They are composed of individual sporocarps , 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters in diameter .
The hypothallus protrudes under the aethalium, has a silvery shimmer, but is brownish transparent in transmitted light. From there, the columella, which is up to 3 millimeters wider at branches, extends upwards in many individual strands or in the manner of a brush . It shimmers silvery, is dark brown to almost black in transmitted light. On the surface of the aethalium, the peridium forms an early decaying bark ( cortex ) with a cobblestone-like relief; inside it is permanent and elongated in shreds and thus forms a pseudocapillitium . In translucent light, it is brownish and dark veined and puckered.
The only weakly attached, almost horizontally arranged capillitium grows from the columella or the pseudocapillitium. It is brown to dark brown, in diameter 0.5 to 2 micrometers thick, at the approaches it is expanded like a funnel, in between it shows net-like widenings. The chambers of the mesh are vesicular and 20 to 80 micrometers long and 15 to 25 micrometers wide.
The spores are dark brown in mass, brown in transmitted light , and lighter in the area of the germ opening. Their walls are finely warty, round to broadly elliptical and measure 9 to 12 micrometers.
distribution
The species is known from Europe (Germany), America (USA [especially in the Northeast], Canada, Panama, Argentina) and Asia (Northern Pakistan). It colonizes leaves, grass, shrubs and stumps of deciduous trees.
Systematics and research history
The species was first described in 1848 as Reticularia maxima by Elias Magnus Fries , in 1873 Józef Tomasz Rostafiński placed it in its own genus, of which it is the only species.
proof
Footnotes directly behind a statement cover the individual statement, footnotes directly behind a punctuation mark the entire preceding sentence. Footnotes after a space refer to the entire preceding paragraph.
- ↑ a b c d Marie L. Farr: Myxomycetes . In: Flora Neotropica . tape 16 . The New York Botanical Garden, New York 1976, ISBN 0-89327-009-1 , pp. 60 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Hermann Neubert , Wolfgang Nowotny , Karlheinz Baumann , Heidi Marx: Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands and the neighboring Alpine region with special consideration of Austria . tape 3 : Stemonitales . Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen 2000, ISBN 3-929822-02-4 , p. 33-36 .
- ↑ Michael J. Dykstra, Harold W. Keller: Mycetozoa In: John J. Lee, GF Leedale, P. Bradbury (Eds.): An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa . tape 2 . Allen, Lawrence 2000, ISBN 1-891276-23-9 , pp. 969 .
