Broad-leaved thorn fern

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Broad-leaved thorn fern
Broad-leaved thorn fern (Dryopteris dilatata)

Broad-leaved thorn fern ( Dryopteris dilatata )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Genre : Common ferns ( Dryopteris )
Type : Broad-leaved thorn fern
Scientific name
Dryopteris dilatata
( Hoffm. ) A. Gray

The broad-leaved thorn fern , also called the great thorn fern ( Dryopteris dilatata , Syn .: Dryopteris austriaca ) is a common plant species from the genus of the worm ferns ( Dryopteris ). It is widespread in temperate areas in the northern hemisphere .

description

leaf
Sori

The overhanging fronds of the deciduous fern are arranged in rosettes . The fronds have a length of up to 150 centimeters. The leaf stalk is quite short, it is only half as long as the blade and densely covered with light brown, in the middle dark brown scales. The leaf is three to four times pinnate, from triangular to oval outline (name) and tapers to a point. Its top is dark green. The angular leaflets are very finely serrated on the edge. The spore containers sit in two rows on the underside of the spore-bearing fronds.

The broad-leaved thorn fern is quite similar to the common thorn fern , especially when the fronds are young and still without spore receptacles. The best distinguishing feature are the scales on the petiole; they are only light brown in the common thorn fern and have no dark brown central part.

The broad-leaved thorn fern has the chromosome number 2n = 164. It is allotetraploid . Two of its genomes come from the slender thorn fern ( Dryopteris expansa ), the other two probably from the North American species Dryopteris intermedia .

Occurrence

The distribution area of Dryopteris dilatata includes the temperate areas of Europe , the mountainous areas in southern Europe , the Caucasus , extends over Siberia to Kamchatka , Sakhalin and North America .

The broad-leaved thorn fern thrives in moist, shady forests on mostly lime-poor, sandy-stony soils . Its main focus is in high-montane beech or spruce forests. It thrives in societies of the associations Fagion, Quercion roboris and Adenostylion and the sub-association Vaccinio-Abietenion. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises up to 1900 meters above sea level on the Kegelkopf in Bavaria.

swell

literature

  • A. Minkevičius: Lietuvos TSR Flora. Volume 1. Vilnius 1959. scanned.
  • Christopher Roy Fraser-Jenkins : Dryopteris , In: Karl Ulrich Kramer (Hrsg.): Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 1 Pteridophyta . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-489-50020-2 .

further reading

  • Kai Rünk, Martin Zobel, Kristjan Zobel: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata and D. expansa . In: Journal of Ecology . tape 100 , no. 4 , July 2012, p. 1039 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2745.2012.01985.x (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  85 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 75.

Web links

Commons : Broad-leaved Dornfarn ( Dryopteris dilatata )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files