Breitensteiner farmer
| Breitensteiner farmer
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|---|---|---|
 The double entry shaft of the Breitensteiner farmer's wife |
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| Location: | Koenigstein , Franconian Alb , Germany | |
| Height : | 484 m above sea level NN | |
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Geographic location: |
49 ° 36 '30 " N , 11 ° 35' 26.3" E | |
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| Cadastral number: | A 32 | |
| Geology: | dolomite | |
| Type: | Floor cave , shaft cave | |
| Show cave since: | No | |
| Lighting: | No | |
| Overall length: | 230 meters | |
| Level difference: | 44 m | |
The Breitensteiner farmer , also known as Schelmbachsteinloch, is a natural karst cave near Königstein in the Upper Palatinate district of Amberg-Sulzbach in Bavaria .
location
The cave is located about 3050 meters west of the local church of Königstein on the north slope of 514.8 m above sea level. NN high mountain Schelmbachstein .
description
The Breitensteiner farmer is also called Schelmbachsteinloch because of her location on the Schelmbachstein. The cave has a total passage length of about 230 and a height difference of 44 meters. In the cave cadastre Fränkische Alb (HFA) it is designated with the cadastral number A 32, by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as Geotope 371H003, as a natural monument and by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation as soil monument D-3-6335-0010.
The cave is a branched system of floors with corridors, halls and connecting shafts. Access is via two manholes by abseiling into the Cramerhalle, which is 12 meters lower. At 25 meters long, 10 meters wide and 7 meters high, it is the largest room in the cave. A connecting passage inside the cave leads to the impressive Vollrathschacht with a depth of around 25 meters, which leads to the deepest room, the Muscat Hall. This room is about 10 meters in diameter and height. On the upper floors, there are smaller side rooms around the collapse shaft.
In the cave there are various forms of pressure and leaching , forms of eruption , dolomite ash , cave clay and various sintered forms . In winter, ice can form at the entrances.
history
The cave owes its peculiar name to Kunigunde Schuhmann, the wife of the tenant of the Breitensteiner Hofgut from 1683 to 1720, Hans Schumann from Haunritz . Because of her greed and hard-heartedness, the farmer's wife was notorious as an evil woman. A legend tells that after her death in 1729 she was transformed into a raven and banished to the pitch-black cave. Her spirit is said to still dwell there today.
The first proven descent into the long-known cave took place in 1910. Major Neischl made the first investigations in the cave in 1912, and it was extensively documented and measured in 1923 by Richard Spöcker . The historical importance of the cave is proven by archaeological finds. At the bottom of the shaft of the Cramerhalle, Josef Richard Erl found human skeletal remains, bronze jewelry and ceramics from the Urnfield period and the Hallstatt period in 1924 . Some of the skulls had blow injuries, but a ritual or cultic act could not be proven. The finds are in the care of the Natural History Society of Nuremberg .
Access
The cave can be reached on foot via a hiking trail marked with a blue dot. There is a car park on the Königstein - Neuhaus an der Pegnitz road . The two entrances are secured with a railing. There are always accidents there. The cave should therefore only be entered by very experienced cave-goers . Due to the protection of the caves and the bats that hibernate there , it is not accessible from October to April.
Surroundings
The Anton Völkel grotto and the sundial passage cave are also located on the Schelmbachstein .
See also
literature
- Stephan Lang: Höhlen in Franken - A hiking guide into the underworld of Hersbrucker Switzerland and the Upper Palatinate Jura . Hans Carl Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-418-00390-7 , pp. 83-84.
- Bettina Stoll-Tucker: Post-Ice Age cave use using the example of the upper Pegnitz valley (Northern Franconian Alb) . From the series: Works on the Archeology of Southern Germany, Volume 4. Verlag Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 1997, ISBN 3-9803996-6-4 , pp. 31-32.
- Friedrich Herrmann: Jura caves in the Upper Palatinate . Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1976, ISBN 3-7917-0463-X , pp. 45-46.
- Fritz Huber: The northern Franconian Alb, Volume 2, The caves of the karst area A Königstein . 1967.
- Richard Spöcker: Karst phenomena in the Schelmbach area. Contribution to the knowledge of the Bavarian Jura as karst . In: Treatises of the Natural History Society Nuremberg, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1924.
Individual evidence
- ^ Research group Höhle und Karst Franken eV Breitensteiner farmer (accessed October 29, 2013)
- ↑ Geotope: Schelmbachstein Cave (accessed on October 31, 2013; PDF; 199 kB)
- ↑ Ground monument of the Breitensteiner farmer (accessed on October 31, 2013)
- ↑ Bergwacht Bayern: Cave rescue from the "Breitensteiner Bäuerin" (accessed on October 31, 2013)
