Brockengarten
The Brockengarten is a botanical garden on the summit of 1141.2 m above sea level. NHN high Brockens , the highest mountain in the Harz low mountain range , and belongs to the urban area of Wernigerode in the Harz district of Saxony-Anhalt and the Harz National Park .
The Brockengarten offers a population of around 1,500 plant species . These include species that only grow in the Brocken area, such as the little alpine pasque flower called Brocken anemone or the Brocken hawkweed , but above all alpine plants such as white silver arum or the Swiss willow . Plants from the high mountain regions of the world can be found in the alpine area of the garden. a. Alps, Pyrenees, Balkans, Caucasus, Rocky Mountains and Himalayas.
history
After there was a herb garden on Heinrichshöhe from 1760 and a garden with Brocken plants in Schierke from 1761, the Brocken garden was laid out on his property in 1890 by Albert Peter with the permission of Prince Otto zu Stolberg-Wernigerode . Peter was a naturalist and head of the Göttingen Botanical Garden . The purpose of the experimental garden should be to research the adaptability of alpine plants to the conditions of a new location . Due to its northern, exposed location, the Brocken summit ( 1141.2 m ) corresponds climatically to the altitude of around 1,700 to 1,900 m in the Swiss Alps .
Until 1945 the Brockengarten was managed by scientists from the University of Göttingen . Only in the years 1914 to 1934 and 1945 to 1950 was the work stopped due to the effects of the two world wars. In 1950 the University of Halle took over its maintenance.
With the declaration of the Brocken as a restricted zone , the botanical garden was closed to the public in 1961 and lost its importance. In 1971 the scientific and horticultural supervision had to be completely discontinued. In the following years, native plants largely regained the garden. Only around 100 of the 1,400 species previously cultivated could still be found in 1989. After German reunification , the Brockengarten was jointly rebuilt by the Hochharz National Park and the Botanical Gardens of the Universities of Halle and Göttingen.
Today the garden consists of a public exhibition area and a closed test area in which studies on biotope and species protection are carried out. In addition, the garden is dedicated to the renaturation of the Brocken summit.
The Brockengarten can be visited between mid-May and mid-October accompanied by national park staff. The number of visitors depends on the weather conditions and therefore fluctuates around 6000 visitors per year. In 2014 there were 6,480 visitors.
tasks
The Brockengarten is used for academic teaching, research, species protection, school lessons and public information, and thus the tasks that were assigned to it by its founder, Albert Peter. The garden only gradually developed from a show and experimental garden to a "nature conservation garden".
climate
The annual mean temperature is 2.9 ° C (determination period 1960–1990), with an annual average of 171 frost days and 176 days with a closed snow cover. In the long-term average, only the months of July and August are completely frost-free. There are 1,814 liters of precipitation per square meter per year with an annual average humidity of 88 percent and 306 foggy days. The Brocken summit is one of the windiest places in Europe. The highest measured wind speed was 263 km / h (1984). The Brocken has a natural tree line.
literature
- Literature by and about Brockengarten in the catalog of the German National Library
- Friedrich Ebel, Wolfram Richter: The test and show garden on the Brocken. Information about the Brockengarten. (Messages from the Botanical Garden of the Martin Luther University Halle 130), 1991.
- Friedrich Ebel u. a .: The Brockengarten. An experimental and show garden. Schadach, Goslar 1999, ISBN 3-928728-40-7 .
- Gunter Karste: The Brocken Garden . Nature conservation in the state of Saxony-Anhalt 31, 1994.
- Gunter Karste: The Brocken Garden and its influence on the species composition and development of the Brocken vegetation . Series of publications from the Harz National Park, Volume 14, 2016, pp. 51–60.
Web links
- Brockengarten , on nationalpark-harz.de
- Brockengarten , Botanical Institute Halle, on uni-halle.de
- Faded - Brockengarten goes into the winter break on October 17, 2019 on ndr.de, accessed on October 17, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ 6480 visitors looking at plants in the Brockengarten , from October 14, 2014; Retrieved on April 29, 2015, from welt.de
- ↑ a b Ebel / Karste / Kümmel / Richter / Stumpf: Brockengarten in the Harz Mountains . Studio Volker Schadach, Goslar 1999, ISBN 3-928728-40-7 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 47 ′ 54 ″ N , 10 ° 37 ′ 3 ″ E