Bromoviridae
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Clover , infected by alfamovirus |
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| Bromoviridae | ||||||||||||||
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The Bromoviridae are a family of single-stranded DNA - virus positive polarity . Their natural hosts are plants . There are at least 33 species in this family, currently (as of March 2019) 6 genera.
construction
The virus particles ( virions ) of the Bromoviridae are not enveloped and have an icosahedral or rod-shaped ( bacilliform ) geometry, usually with T = 3 symmetry (icosahedral), but alfamovirus , oleavirus and possibly also anulavirus have T = 1 (bacilliform). The diameter is about 25-35 nm . The genome is linear and segmented into three parts (tripartite).
Propagation cycle
The viral replication is cytoplasmic and lysogenic, i. H. it happens in the cytoplasm and ends with the dissolution (lysis) of the host cell .
The replication follows the usual replication model of positive-strand RNA viruses.
Plants serve as natural hosts; the transmission routes are mechanical (e.g. through garden tools, inoculation ) and through contact (between parts of plants). The virus can also leave the host cell through tubular virus movement.
Systematics
Internal system
According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as of March 2019, the internal systematics of the Bromoviridae are as follows:
Family Bromoviridae
- Genus: Alfamovirus
- Species: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, type species)
- Genus: Anulavirus
- Species: Amazon lily mild mottle virus (ALiMMV)
- Species: Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV, type species)
- Species: ' Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus ' (' Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus ', 'CIBV', - suggestion)
- Genus: Bromovirus (outdated: Tricornavirus )
- Species: Broad bean mottle virus
- Species: Brome mosaic virus (BMV, type species, genome with 3 segments)
- Species: Cassia yellow blotch virus
- Species: Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)
- Species: Melandrium yellow fleck virus
- Species: Spring beauty latent virus
- Genus: Cucumovirus
- Species: Cucumber mosaic virus ( cucumber mosaic virus , CMV, type species)
- Species: Gayfeather mild mottle virus
- Species: Peanut stunt virus (PSV)
- Species: Tomato aspermy virus (TAV)
- Genus: Ilarvirus
- Species: Ageratum latent virus
- Species: American plum line pattern virus
- Species: Apple mosaic virus (ApMV)
- Species: Asparagus virus 2 ( Asparagus virus C , Asparagus latent virus , AV-2)
- Species: Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus
- Species: Blueberry shock virus (BlShV)
- Species: Citrus leaf rugose virus (CLRV)
- Species: Citrus variegation virus (CVV)
- Species: Elm mottle virus (EMoV)
- Species: Fragaria chiloensis latent virus
- Species: Humulus japonicus latent virus
- Species: Lilac leaf chlorosis virus
- Species: Lilac ring mottle virus
- Species: Parietaria mottle virus
- Species: Privet ringspot virus
- Species: Prune dwarf virus (PDV)
- Species: Prunus necrotic ringspot virus ( Necrotic Ringspot Virus , PNRSV)
- Species: Spinach latent virus
- Species: Strawberry necrotic shock virus
- Species: Tobacco streak virus (TSV, type species)
- Species: Tomato necrotic streak virus
- Species: Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV)
- Genus: Oleavirus
- Species: Olive latent virus 2 (OLV-2, type species)
External system
In 2015, Koonin et al taxonomically assigned the Bromoviridae (due to their relationship) to the supergroup 'Alphavirus-like superfamily' they postulated. According to this, sister groups are the families Virgaviridae and Closteroviridae . The members of this proposed supergroup belong to different groups of the Baltimore classification , usually they are single-stranded RNA viruses of positive polarity ((+) ssRNA, Baltimore group 4), but there are also double-stranded representatives (marked with dsRNA, Find Baltimore Group 3).
This suggestion has now been replaced by the ICTV Master Species List # 35 of March 2020. A comparison of the cladograms can be found in Tymovirales §ICTV Master Species List # 35 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c ICTV : ICTV MSL # 34v 2018b.v2 , March 2019
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ a b c d Viral Zone . ExPASy. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- ↑ SIB: Alfamovirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ SIB: Anulavirus , on: ViralZone
- ^ Scott SW, MacFarlane SA, McGavin WJ, Fargette D: Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus is a member of the genus Anulavirus , in: Arch Virol. 159 (10), October 2014, pp. 2791-2793, doi: 10.1007 / s00705-014-2086-3
- ↑ SIB: Bromovirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ Innovative Virus Research May Save Wheat and Other Crops , on: SciTechDaily from May 15, 2020
- ↑ Christian Beren, Yanxiang Cui, Antara Chakravarty, Xue Yang, A. L. N. Rao, Charles M. Knobler, Z. Hong Zhou and William M. Gelbart: Genome organization and interaction with capsid protein in a multipartite RNA virus. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of May 1, 2020, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1915078117
- ↑ SIB: Cucumovirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ SIB: Ilarvirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ SIB: Oleavirus , on: ViralZone
- ↑ Since this group (referred to by the authors as English superfamily ) contains an order with the Tymovirales , their rank must be higher than this and should not be understood as a superfamily . Ranks higher than order were not given by the ICTV at the time of the work.
- ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja, Mart Krupovic: Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity , in: Virology from May 2015; 479-480. 2-25, Epub March 12, 2015, PMC 5898234 (free full text), PMID 25771806