Brual
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Brual
Rhede (Ems) municipality
Coordinates: 53 ° 6 ′ 0 ″ N , 7 ° 16 ′ 49 ″ E
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| Height : | 2 m above sea level NHN | |
| Residents : | 704 (June 1, 2012) | |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 | |
| Postal code : | 26899 | |
| Area code : | 04964 | |
Location of Brual in Lower Saxony |
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Brual is a district of the municipality Rhede (Ems) in the district of Emsland in Lower Saxony .
history
Brual is first mentioned in the 10th century. According to tradition, there were three castles in Brual.
- Corsburg,
- Affkenburg and
- Reemtsburg or Remelsburg
The neighborhood with the East Frisians is not always good for the Brualern. The closure of the Ems as the most important waterway in the area was easy to implement in Brual. The possession of the fortifications, the Dieler Schanze , was very valuable to the interested peoples and princes.
Even the Second World War did not leave Brual unscathed. In the last days of the war the village was attacked and heavily devastated. Reconstruction began with determination and the place developed into a flourishing community.
On January 1, 1973, the municipality of Brual was incorporated into the municipality of Rhede.
Culture and sights
Saint Bernhard
In 1909 it was decided to build a church in Brual. The foundation stone was laid on August 8, 1911. In 1913 the church was consecrated. In 1931 an organ was installed and in 1946 the decision was made to purchase a tower clock. In 1957 the church was given a new painting by the church painter Achelwilm. After the liturgical reform, a celebration altar was set up in 1967 by the Holthaus company . In 1976 the interior was painted again. In 1981 the outside of the church was extensively renovated. From September to November 2005 the inside of the church was completely renovated. The confessional was removed and the baptismal font brought forward. In November 2007 the church building was renovated from the outside again.
Emslandlager Brual
The Emslandlager Rhede-Brual , also called Camp III , was a National Socialist prison camp that was established in May 1934. It was originally planned as a concentration camp and could accommodate 1,000 prisoners.
In May 1934, Camp III Rhede-Brual was established as one of 15 Emsland camps . It was initially planned as a concentration camp, but was used as a prison camp by the Reich Ministry of Justice in 1934 . The camp was designed for 1,000 prisoners. These came from all over the German Reich and were mostly sentenced to prison terms. These were both political prisoners and people who were considered criminals in the National Socialists' legal understanding (such as homosexuals), as well as people who should also be considered criminals in today's sense.
The prisoners first had to help expand the Brualer Schloot. They were later forced to cultivate the bog . In June 1937 the first political prisoners were brought to Brual. In 1938 the camp was to be expanded so that it had space for 1,500 prisoners. Eight barracks were built, but they were transported to the Palatinate . They were supposed to provide space for prisoners who were involved in the construction of the west wall near Zweibrücken .
Up to 200 SA men and judicial officers from SA Pionierstandarte 10 were responsible for guarding the prisoners . Due to the poor care and the psychological terrorization by the guards, there were frequent cases of self-mutilation . 59 people lost their lives. They are buried in the cemetery in Esterwegen . Alfred Weidenmüller , arrested in 1937, wrote:
“Every prisoner was called to the camp headquarters once a week. There were two dogs on either side of the entrance. Before the prisoner entered the barracks, he had to stand at attention in front of the dogs, take off his hat and say loudly and clearly: 'You are a master dog and I am a bastard.' It was the day before Christmas Eve 1937. The day was bitterly cold, and we had hardly been lying on the bunk when the command came : 'Step out in your shirt!' In front of Barrack 2 there were already 600 prisoners in their shirts in an icy north wind. Comrade Herbert Kerzig from Chemnitz was also in the camp. He was a conductor by profession and previously looked after several workers' choral societies. He had to climb the roof of the barrack in his shirt, and under his guidance we had to sing the song 'Up to the Light'. Then 22 prisoners fell ill with pneumonia, 4 died of it. Due to the low diet and the hard work, there were many illnesses. Sick reports were only issued when a prisoner could no longer get up. Operations were performed without local anesthesia. I know 11 cases in which prisoners carried out self-mutilation by swallowing spoons, broken glass from broken water glasses, even pieces of iron and nails. "
The number of inmates has fluctuated greatly over the years. From 1940, those convicted by the Wehrmacht courts were also brought to the camp. As early as 1942, these prisoners made up more than 50% of all prisoners. The reasons for their imprisonment were mostly desertion or disintegration of the military .
In 1943 the mechanical engineering company Klatte set up a factory right next to the warehouse. The prisoners were loaned out to the factory to work in arms production. The plant mainly produced aircraft parts. In February 1945, 700 prisoners were still held in the camp. On April 4, 1945, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were taken to the Emsland camp Aschendorfermoor .
- Known inmates
- Wilhelm Henze , German resistance fighter and working-class writer
- Alfred Weidenmüller
Economy and Infrastructure
Companies
Brual is the seat of the family business Mogel-Verlag, founded in 2016, which markets card games that it has developed itself internationally.
literature
- Landkreis Emsland (Ed.): The destruction of justice and humanity in the concentration and prison camps of the Emsland 1933-1945 , 1986.
- Bernd Faulenbach , Andrea Kaltofen (ed.): "Hell in the Moor". The Emsland camps 1933–1945 . Wallstein Verlag , Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8353-3137-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Economic figures of the municipality of Rhede (Ems) ( Memento of the original from December 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 12, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g Esterwegen Memorial , accessed on December 16, 2011
- ↑ a b c d e f Lager 3 Rhede-Brual ( Memento of the original from September 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 16, 2011
- ↑ Interview series for young publishers: Mogel-Verlag , brettspielbox.de October 10, 2019, accessed November 24, 2019
