Brunfelsia boliviana
| Brunfelsia boliviana | ||||||||||||
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| Brunfelsia boliviana | ||||||||||||
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Brunfelsia boliviana is a species from the Franciscea section of the genus Brunfelsia . The 1 to 2 m high shrubs are found in the eastern Andes in southern Bolivia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Brunfelsia bolivina is a 1 to 2 m high shrub . The bark is thin, yellowish to gray-brown in color, wrinkled lengthways and does not flake off. The young twigs are 2 to 3 mm in diameter, are more or less tomentose, but become bare with age.
The leaves are distributed on the branches or in groups at the tips of short side shoots. They are short endowed, the leaf blade is firm membranous to a little leathery, inverted ovoid, rarely also elliptical-inverted ovoid, 4 to 13.5 mm long and 2.3 to 5.8 cm wide. The leaf blade is rounded to the front and has a short, narrow tip with a length of 5 to 10 mm, the tip itself is blunt to tapering. The base is pointed, the leaf margin is slightly curled up. Both leaf sides are hairless, only along the midrib there are felty and glandular trichomes . In the area of the rolled-up leaf margin, the upper side is ciliate-felted. The top is dark green, the bottom is lighter and yellow-green in color. Four to nine secondary veins protrude from the midrib and protrude from the underside. These are straight at first, but come together in an arc at the edge.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are umbel panicles that appear terminally on the shoots of the previous year. They stand on a 5 to 12 mm long, more or less felty hairy inflorescence stalk , are branched and consist of six to 15 flowers . The inflorescences are lanceolate to schiffchenartig shaped, sheet-like leaves, and especially at the edge filzig hairy long mm 1-4 bracts supported. The flower stalks are 2 to 6 mm long and 1 mm in diameter, at the tip they are slightly thickened. They are hairless or lightly covered with glandular trichomes.
The chalice is tubular, pentagonal in cross-section and truncated at the base. It is 9 to 15 mm long, has a diameter of 3 to 4 mm and is hairless or covered with a few glandular trichomes. The calyx teeth almost equally long, 2 to 4 mm long, egg-shaped and pointed to the front. The tip itself is blunt and glandular- papillary . The calyx remains on the fruit, but dries up.
The crown is light purple at first and later fades to white. The straight corolla tube is about twice as long as the calyx, 21 to 25 mm long and 2 to 3 mm in diameter. The coronary hem is splayed and has a diameter of 18 to 30 mm. The crown lobes are almost the same shape, rounded and 8 to 14 mm long.
The four stamens start in the upper half of the corolla tube, the stamens are belt-shaped. The pair of stamens below has the longer stamens, these are 3 mm long, are almost upright and protrude slightly over the corolla tube. The stamens of the above pair of stamens are 2 mm long and do not protrude beyond the corolla tube. The anthers are spherical-kidney-shaped, almost the same size or somewhat larger in the upper pair of stamens, the diameter is 1 to 1.2 mm.
The ovary has about 30 ovules , is closely ovoid, 2 to 3 mm high and measures 1.8 to 2.2 mm in diameter. The stylus is curved at the tip and about 19 mm long. The 2 mm long scar is slightly bilobed.
Fruits and seeds
Three to six dry capsule fruits ripen on each inflorescence . They are almost spherical and 20 to 25 mm in size, smooth and green in color. The pericarp is thin, 1 to 1.5 mm thick, the endocarp is thinly encrusted.
Each fruit contains 22 to 28 seeds . These are elongated to almost kidney-shaped, almost round in cross-section. They are 5 to 8 mm long and 2 to 3 mm in diameter. The seed surface is dark brown and granular like a network. The embryo is straight and 4 mm long, the cotyledons are ovate, 1.5 mm long, the radicle (radicle) has mm a length of 2.5.
Occurrence
The species is only known from five finds, all of which are limited to a relatively small area on the foothills of the Bolivian Andes .
etymology
The epithet boliviana refers to the origin from Bolivia , where the plant is called Bella unión , which means something like "beautiful unity". This name, which is also used for other Brunfelsia , refers to the simultaneous appearance of purple and white flowers on a plant.
literature
- Timothy C. Plowman: Five new Species of Brunfelsia from South America (Solanaceae) . Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago July 1981, (Fieldiana Botany, New Series, number 8)
- Timothy C. Plowman (Author), Sandra Knapp, JR Press (Ed.): A Revision of the South American Species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) . Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago August 1998, ISBN 978-9998104693 . (Fieldiana Botany, New Series, number 39).