Brynmawr

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Brynmawr
Brynmawr Market Square
Brynmawr Market Square
Coordinates 51 ° 48 ′  N , 3 ° 10 ′  W Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′  N , 3 ° 10 ′  W
OS National Grid SO 19153 11810
Brynmawr (Wales)
Brynmawr
Brynmawr
Residents 5530 (as of 2011)
surface 5.823 km² (2.25  mi² ) 
Population density: 950 inhabitants per km²
administration
Post town EBBW VALE
ZIP code section NP23
prefix 01495
Part of the country Wales
Unitary authority Blaenau Gwent
ONS code W04000927
British Parliament Blaenau Gwent
Welsh Parliament Blaenau Gwent
Website: www.brynmawrtc.co.uk

Brynmawr (also Bryn-Mawr ) is a place with community status in the Welsh Principal Area Blaenau Gwent . The community had 5530 inhabitants at the 2011 census.

geography

Brynmawr lies between the valley of the River Usk in the north and the valleys used by the coal industry in the south. According to the Wiliam family of authors, Brynmawr is the only Welsh village that cannot be clearly assigned to industrial or agricultural Wales, but the inhabitants felt they belonged to mining-dominated Wales. Historically, Brynmawr was part of Brecknockshire , but now the Brynmawr community is north of Blaenau Gwent on the border with the Principal Areas of Powys and Monmouthshire . The community borders the Beaufort community to the west, the Nantyglo and Blaina community to the south, the Llangattock community belonging to Powys and the Llanelly community belonging to the east to the Monmouthshire community . The community boundaries were last changed in 2010. The settlement Brynmawr itself is in the south of the community and thus adjacent to the village of Nantyglo . The north of the community has no settlements, but is crossed by a road from the west. The community is also traversed by the River Clydach . Brynmawr is about 353.8 meters above sea level. The community and the ward are congruent.

history

Brynmawr is a mining town . In the area of ​​the village itself there was no coal or heavy industry apart from the mining of aboveground coal. However, these deposits were mined in the 19th century. About two thirds of the nearly 7,500 inhabitants (as of 1929) only used Brynmawr as a place to sleep and went to work in the factories or mines in the surrounding villages. So the village still benefited from the coal industry, although the development had also had an impact on the creation of small shops in Brynmawr. After the village in the 19th century several smaller economic crises and cholera epidemics had survived, the situation deteriorated in the village from the 1860s, as far as the 1870s in several steel mills in the surrounding villages joined and the workers in the Rhondda subjected to to find work there. As a result, the population fell, but at the beginning of the 20th century the coal industry in the region experienced a brief comeback. However, this ended after World War I when the Brynmawr area suffered an economic slump.

As a result of the First World War, lack of modernization in the coal industry and the gradual replacement of coal by oil which fell in Wales primary industries into a recession . through which numerous companies had to lay off workers. Around Brynmawr, six out of seven mines closed during this time, which also had an impact on retail. The fact that the remaining employers in the area could now choose their workers and that Brynmawr was relatively far away, the unemployment rate in Brynmawr remained high. The consequences of the general strike in the United Kingdom in 1926 , which had to be given up after six months by the South Welsh workers on poor terms, and the closure of the Ebbw Vale steelworks in 1929 were compounded. In Brynmawr, just under three quarters of the potential workforce were unemployed, and those over 40 had always been unemployed since at least 1925. In the early 1930s, Brynmawr was one of the top performers in the statistics with an unemployment rate of 90% among the insured. Even if the unemployed spent an average of around 2.5 days a week at the employment office, only a few people found work.

As a result, the place came into the interest of the Quakers , who were active in the place from 1928 and who initiated the so-called Brynmawr experiment primarily to reduce the number of unemployed. Starting in 1929, they founded several small companies that offered paid jobs. However, most of the companies were short-lived, with the exception of the Brynmawr Furniture Makers in furniture construction and the Brynmawr Bootmakers as shoemakers. The last company was able to take over until it was taken over by the competition in 1959, the first company was dissolved as early as 1940, but is considered the most successful company of the experiment for various reasons such as its influence and reputation. Even so, the impact on unemployment remained marginal, with many only finding work in the flourishing economy of World War II or in the army. Later there was another economic project attempt with 250 jobs, which was taken over by Dunlop . Apart from this attempt, the village only got a little boost in the 1970s with the introduction of light industries . In 1973, the establishment of a technology company that produced floppy disks and magnetic tapes created 2,000 jobs, with women in particular benefiting. Nevertheless, in 1985 20% of the population were unemployed and the youth were mostly without qualifications. After the coal industry finally had its decline during this period, the local economy could hardly be revived even at the beginning of the 21st century.

Buildings

Brynmawr has two of the buildings listed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest . This is on the one hand the former boiler house of the Dunlop Semtex Factory in the south of Brynmawr and on the other hand the rectory in the north of the village.

Infrastructure

Brynmawr has its own market square with a market every Saturday morning. Brynmawr has a reputation for being the highest place of market rights in the UK. Around or on the market square there is a war memorial and a cinema, the Brynmawr & District History Museum - a local history museum in which various everyday objects and the like from Brynmawr are exhibited - and various retailers. There is also a separate library in Brynmawr.

traffic

Brynmawr is crossed by various regional and national roads, including the A465 road . In addition, several bus routes in Brynmawr have at least one stop.

Web links

Commons : Brynmawr  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Brynmawr Parish - Local Area Report. In: nomisweb.co.uk. University of Durham , accessed May 7, 2020 . Brynmawr Ward (as of 2011) - Local Area Report. In: nomisweb.co.uk. University of Durham , accessed May 7, 2020 .
  2. ^ A b c Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 9 .
  3. ↑ The Brynmawr Experiment. Brynmawr & District Museum, 2019, accessed July 23, 2020 .
  4. ↑ a b Election Maps. Ordnance Survey, accessed on May 7, 2020 (English, To get to Community Brynmawr: Please check the Parishes tab in the Parishes section in front of Civil Parishes or Communities and then enter “Brynmawr” in the search field on the right.).
  5. ^ The Blaenau Gwent (Communities) Order 2010. legislation.gov.uk, accessed on May 7, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Brynmawr, Blaenau Gwent (Bryn-Mawr). In: getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk. Ordnance Survey, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  7. ^ A b BBC Wales History: Tonight's Hidden Histories: cursing wells, neolithic chambers and the Brynmawr Experiment. British Broadcasting Corporation , February 3, 2011, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  8. ↑ a b Pamela Manasseh: Brynmawr experiment 1928-1940: Quaker values ​​and arts and crafts principles . University of Plymouth, Falmouth October 2009, p. 89 f . ( plymouth.ac.uk [PDF; 19.5 MB ; accessed on August 3, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Jeffrey L. Thomas: Decline and Depression in the 1920s: The Brynmawe Experiment. thomasgenweb.com, July 2004, accessed on August 3, 2020 .
  10. ^ A b c Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 10 .
  11. ↑ Pamela Manasseh: Brynmawr experiment 1928-1940: Quaker values ​​and arts and crafts principles . University of Plymouth, Falmouth October 2009, p. 70 ( plymouth.ac.uk [PDF; 19.5 MB ; accessed on August 3, 2020]).
  12. ^ A b c Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 10 f .
  13. ↑ Pamela Manasseh: Brynmawr experiment 1928-1940: Quaker values ​​and arts and crafts principles . University of Plymouth, Falmouth October 2009, p. 72 f . ( plymouth.ac.uk [PDF; 19.5 MB ; accessed on August 3, 2020]).
  14. ↑ Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 12 .
  15. ^ The Brynmawr Experiment, 1929-40. National Museum Wales, April 23, 2007, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  16. ↑ a b Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 120 .
  17. ↑ Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 116 .
  18. ↑ Mary, Eurwyn and Dafydd Wiliam: The Brynmawr Furniture Makers: a Quaker initiative, 1929-40 . 1st edition. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Llanrwst 2012, ISBN 978-1-84527-402-3 , p. 117 ff .
  19. ^ Listed Buildings in Brynmawr, Blaenau Gwent. British Listed Buildings, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  20. ^ Former Boiler House at Dunlop Semtex Factory. British Listed Buildings, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  21. ↑ The Vicarage. British Listed Buildings, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  22. ^ Towns and Shopping. Blaenau Gwent Count Borough Council, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  23. ^ Brynmawr & District History Museum. Blaenau Gwent Count Borough Council, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  24. ^ Brynmawr Library. Aneurin Leisure, accessed May 7, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Brynmawr, Blaenau Gwent. bustimes.org, accessed May 7, 2020 .