Beech herring blubber
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Beech herring blubber ( Russula faginea ) |
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| Russula faginea | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The beech herring blubber ( Russula faginea ) is a fungus from the family of the blubber relatives (Russulaceae). Like all herring pigeons (sub-genus Xerampelinae ) it smells typically of herring liquor, has reddish to pinkish-brown hat colors and is strictly bound to beech .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is colored wine-brown to pink-brown and quickly loses its shine. In the middle it is often discolored cream or light yellow-green. The cap reaches a diameter of 6 to 14 centimeters. The surface is sometimes furrowed; the hat skin can only be peeled off at the edge. The slats are ivory and have a light, tinted glow. They are thick, moderately crowded and often have cross connections.
The stem is white, but turns yellow or tints brown. It is 4 to 11.5 inches long, 1.5 to 3.5 inches thick and has fine grooves in the longitudinal direction. The white flesh is firm and relatively hard and, like the stem surface, turns yellow or brown. The meat tastes mild and smells characteristic of herring brine.
The spore powder is light to rich ocher in color and therefore darker than other herring deaflings (subsection Xerampelinae ). It gets even darker as it dries.
Microscopic features
The spores are ovate to briefly ellipsoidal and measure 8.5–11 × 7.5–8.7 micrometers. On the surface there are isolated coarse warts or spines that can be up to 1.5 microns long; Short ridges are rarely found. The cystids are bulbous and spindle-shaped. They are very rarely found on the hat. These are narrow-cylindrical to club-shaped and 3.2 to 4.2 micrometers wide.
Species delimitation
The beech herring deafness has the darkest spore powder color of the herring deafness (subsection Xerampelinae ) and has a larger hat diameter than the other representatives of this group, which are usually only up to nine centimeters tall. In addition, it can always be found under red beeches. The red herring blubber ( R. xerampelina ) only grows under conifers. The flesh purple herring blubber ( R. graveolens ) has purple hat colors, which are also present under the hat skin. The flesh red herring deafblings ( R. subrubens ) are typically found in muddy willow or alder stands .
ecology
The beech and herring deaf can be found in beech and fir forests with red beeches, sometimes also in oak-hornbeam forests with red beeches or in parks, gardens and similar biotopes. There it grows on fresh, weakly to moderately nutrient-rich rendzines and brown earths with a neutral to alkaline pH value , which are moderately to significantly saturated with bases and, less often, are weakly acidic on the surface. These have formed over lime , limestone marls , and sometimes also on basic primary rock.
The beech and herring deaf can only be found under red beech. It is often found together with the red-stemmed ( R. olivacea ) and the white-stemmed leather-deaf ( R. romellii ). The fruiting bodies are formed from mid-July to mid-October.
distribution
The beech herring deafbling is widespread in Europe, where it occurs in the sub-Atlantic area with red beech stocks on lime and other alkaline rocks. The area extends from France and the Netherlands in the west to Poland and Hungary in the east and northwards to Denmark and southern Norway and Sweden (59th parallel). The northernmost evidence comes from Aure (Norway, 63rd parallel). In Germany the fungus can be found scattered from flat to middle mountainous regions. There it can also only be found on limestone soils. The deafblings are not common in Switzerland either.
The Täubling was also found in North America (Canada, USA), but it is not certain whether the collections from North America are really more closely related to the European ones.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The beech and herring pigeon is placed by Bon in the Xerampelinae subsection , which in turn is part of the Viridantes section. The subsection contains medium-sized to robust pigeons that enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Their slightly yellowing or browning meat has a mild taste and smells of herring or crab. With iron sulphate, it turns green.
meaning
The beech and herring blubber is edible.
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Russula faginea. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 681 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula faginea. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 76 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Marcel Bon: Monographic key of the russules of Europe. ( Memento of July 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) 1988, p. 77.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula faginea. Retrieved on June 7, 2012 (Täubling rarely: Non evaluated).
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Russula faginea. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014 ; accessed on February 15, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ).
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 525.
- ↑ Grid map of Russula faginea. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved February 15, 2014 .
- ↑ Russula faginea. Pilzoek database, accessed February 15, 2014 .
- ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 170.
Web links
- Russula faginea - beech-herring-deaf - page with numerous pictures
- Russula faginea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, photo and original Latin diagnosis).
