Castelsardo Castle
| Castelsardo Castle, Castello di Castelsardo | ||
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 View from the west of the castle hill and the newer Castelsardo in front of it (middle, right). The old town faces the sea (partly visible on the left in the picture). |
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| Alternative name (s): | Castel dei Doria, Castel Genovese, Castrum Januae, Castel Aragonese, Castillo Aragonés | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | preserved, refurbished | |
| Standing position : | High nobility | |
| Construction: | Sand-lime brick | |
| Place: | Castelsardo | |
| Geographical location | 40 ° 54 '55.7 " N , 8 ° 42' 45.6" E | |
| Height: | 89 m slm | |
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The Castle Castelsardo (it. Castello di Castelsardo , partly also called Castello Bellavista (Eng. Burg Schöne Aussicht) ) is a largely preserved hilltop castle on a boulder in the north of Sardinia on the Golfo dell'Asinara in the province of Sassari . To the northeast of the coastline is the actual town of Castelsardo, directly adjacent to the castle . Both were protected by a common fortress wall in the Middle Ages . The extended place of modern times is located south in front of the castle hill.
history
The place and possibly a first fortification were founded in 1102, the castle as such only in the 13th century (probably around 1270) by the Genoese noble family Doria as "Castel Genovese" or "Castrum Januae" with great strategic importance. Until the 15th century, the place and castle were the seat of the Doria and served to rule over the possessions in northern Sardinia. Via Castelsardo there was an influx of Ligurian and Corsican populations.
The Doria built the town and castle as a city republic based on the Ligurian model with its own legal code, the Statuti di Galeotto Doria and the motto Pax et Bonum Rempublicam conservant . The Doria later allied themselves with the Arborea judiciary , ultimately the most powerful of the Sardinian judiciaries , through the marriage of the Brancaleone Doria with the Sardinian folk heroine Elianora de Arbarèe , probably not least in order to be able to survive in the intrigue between Pope and Emperor after the Pope had already in 1295 House Aragon enfeoffed with Sardinia under James II .
Conquered by the Spaniards of the House of Aragon in 1448 as the last Sardinian territory, the castle was then called "Castel Aragonese", the place became a royal city ("Città regia della Sardegna") until 1479 (then Oristano ). Castelsardo (castle and town were not differentiated) remained the bishopric until 1586, when the Cathedral of Sant'Antonio Abate was built .
From 1767 and with the reign of the House of Savoy , the castle and place were given the current name Castelsardo . Afterwards the castle was occupied by the military for centuries; Until a few decades ago it was used as a barracks for the Carabinieri .
description
The castle is surrounded by a still complete wall ring, which is particularly visible to the south on the rock of the mountain. The castle complex is winding and stretches across the entire castle ridge in an east-west direction over a width of about 100 meters. In north-south direction it is only about 25 meters. The inner buildings with different levels and storey heights, of which seven separate houses are still preserved today, are connected by a narrow alley. The western side tapers towards the sea. The entrance is from the east to the north via a steep ramp up to the gatehouse approximately in the north center, the entrance of which opens into a small inner courtyard and could be flanked and controlled from three sides by buildings.
The remains of a kind of outer bailey (or kennel ) have been preserved to the north in the full width of the castle and also cantilevered to the northwest and additionally secured with a small round tower and a platform .
A rainwater cistern with a small roofed well house in the eastern part of the castle indicates the difficulties of the water supply.
Todays use
In the main, renovated rooms of the castle there is now a museum of Mediterranean weaving art (Museo dell'Intreccio Mediterraneo), as it was characteristic of the place for centuries. Replicas of medieval defense and combat technology are exhibited throughout the castle. The town's mayor's office is also located in the castle.
The stairway to the castle, on the right the medieval Castelsardo (castle town)
Well house above one of the cisterns
Details on the interior of the castle (main building)
The wall ring to the south
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small trebuchet
Evidence of the art of weaving in Sardinia
Braided containers
literature
- Valentina Grieco: I catalani e il castelliere sardo (in Italian), S'Alvure publishing house, Oristano 2003/2004, 293 pages
- Manfred Wöbcke, Birgit Müller-Wöbcke: Sardinia: Dream destination in the Mediterranean , DuMont Bildatlas, 2013, p. 48
- I terrapieni di Castelsardo , In: Marco Milanese (Ed.) APM - Archeologia Postmedievale, 13, 2009 , Sassari & Florenz 2012, ISBN 978-88-7814-539-9 . Pp. 165-170
- Salvatore Rattu: Bastioni e torri di Castelsardo - Sardegna: la ròccaforte dai tre nomi; Castel Genovese, Castell'Aragonese, Castel Sardo; contributo alla storia dell'architettura militare; (25 tavole fuori testo) , from the series: Collana di studi sardi (Ed .: Regione autonoma della Sardegna), Verlag Rattero, Turin 1953, 122 pages
- Flavio Russo: Ingegno e paura: trenta secoli di fortificazioni in Italia , therein: Castellaragonese attuale Castelsardo , Stato maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio storico, 2005, p. 246 f.
Web links
- Castelsardo. Charming fortress with sea view on www.sardinien.com
- Storia (history) , parish website www.comune.castelsardo.ss.it
- Castelsardo and surroundings on www.traumziel-sardinien.com
Individual evidence
- ^ Storia (history) , website of the municipality of Castelsardo (in Italian); accessed on July 24, 2019
- ↑ Castelsardo on www.sardegnaturismo.it ; accessed on July 22, 2019