Fernstein Castle
| Fernstein Castle | ||
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 Fernstein Castle |
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| Creation time : | First mentioned in 1288 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Nassereith - Fernstein | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 20 '45.5 " N , 10 ° 49' 3.2" E | |
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The castle Fernstein is a hilltop castle in the Tyrolean district Fernstein the municipality of Nassereith . It is located six kilometers north of Nassereith on a rock spur above the Fernpassstrasse , which leads from Imst to Reutte (with a junction to Garmisch-Partenkirchen ) and above Lake Fernstein .
history
The current castle was first mentioned in a document in 1288. A rudeger von Verrenstein is mentioned in the sovereign main landowner who presumably assumed the office of sovereign caretaker . Later Konrad Mühlhauser (from 1297), Ulrich Potzner (1317), Werlin von Tablat, Richter zu Imst and his brother Christian (1319-1339) were named in this capacity . Already at that time, the defense system had the task of a customs post , which emerges from a complaint from the municipality of Imst to the sovereign prince in 1312, according to which the merchants had to wait "half days" at the gate.
Construction work on the castle took place between 1308 and 1339. In 1423, Sigmund Henlein appears as the caretaker , who was last mentioned here in 1439. After further caretakers, Duke Sigismund der Münzreich awarded the Vesten Vernstain with its belonging, including all zewg and varender belongings, in 1446, so my gracious lordship was listened to and I was wholeheartedly and recommended to Hans Kellner. Duke Sigmund commissioned a comprehensive expansion, this took place from 1451. Under the caretaker Caspar Frech, a wall (still largely preserved today) was built from the upper tower to the so-called Niederhaus at the bottom of the valley. At the same time, a chapel was built near Niederhaus, which was completed in 1478. The Niederhaus was equipped with a harness chamber with weapons of all kinds and a ducal chamber with deer antlers, pewter bowls, mugs and candlesticks. All these construction measures were carried out at the same time as the construction of Sigmundsburg Castle, which is not far away . For Fernstein and Sigmundsburg, joint carers are also named below.
In 1543 the toll road that used to run along the valley floor was relocated to the slope. She now turned a little before the Fernsteinsee to the northwest, crossed the Klausenbach with a mighty stone bridge and passed a blockable road passage below the old tower (today's Klausen building). This newly fortified dam had to prove itself as a defensive work in 1552, because at that time Elector Moritz von Sachsen invaded Tyrol in the Schmalkaldic War and was delayed at Fernstein for 36 hours, which supposedly allowed Emperor Charles V to flee. When the elector withdrew, windows, stoves and the roof of Fernstein are said to have been destroyed, according to invoices from customs officer Martin Thanhamer.
In 1718 customs and goods came to Johann Abraham Reinhart von Thurnfels. This family stayed here until the end of the 18th century. During this time, the gate passage to the uniform building block that still exists today will be built over, with the upper floors being richly furnished (stucco work). After the customs post was relocated to the Fernpass in 1780 , Fernstein was auctioned off. In 1791 the doctor Josef Anton von Ritter bought the hermitage together with the Sigmundsburg Castle, which had never been completed. The Nassereith community has been the owner since 1803, and the Schönherr family from Nassereith from 1820 to 1830. Baron Schimmelpfennig from Berlin acquired the facility in 1857, and was followed in the 1890s by the brewery owner Baron Ziegler, who had historicist renovations carried out on the writing and customs office. Fernstein was then bequeathed to the Benedictine missionaries of the St. Ottilien Abbey . In 1933 the Klausen building was repaired by them, as a sanatorium was to be built here. But nothing came of it. As a result, the innkeeper family Köhle leased the facility and bought it from the Benedictines in 1960. The complex is still owned by the Köhle family, who also run the Schlosshotel Fernsteinsee .
Components from Fernstein
Fernstein consists of several components that have performed different functions over the centuries.
The oldest component is the high-altitude and now ruinous residential tower in the west of the complex. It has external dimensions of 11.2 × 8.2 m and wall thicknesses between 1.15 and 2.2 m. The wall on the mountain side is one story higher. On the south wall there is access through a late medieval door with a straight lintel using a wooden board. On the first floor there is a raised and partially walled entrance with a tuff frame on the south side . The rest of a lining wall , which may have been made for a construction for the high entrance, runs at a distance of 5.2 m . The tower dates from the late 13th century due to its masonry.
The barrier wall leading from the tower to the lake was built in 1462. It is built from poor masonry (quarry stones and brick penetration) and is 0.7 m thick. Above the Klausen building it is still 4 m high. There are beam holes for an inwardly protruding parapet walkway . Below the Klausen building, the course of the wall can only be recognized by the remains of the wall.
The Klausen building is a three- story house with a half-hip roof . Its valley side has a cellar because of the extreme slope. A facade structure is achieved by a corner plaster squaring, horizontal floor strips on the gable front and window ears from the 19th century. In the basement on the valley side there is a round arched door from the 16th century. Inside there are stitch cap barrel vaults . The old hillside road from 1543, carved out of the rock, runs through the Klausen building at the level of the ground floor. In the passage, the stairs lead to the upper floor through a round arched door from the 15th century. The two-phase nature of the building becomes clear from the passage, which is composed of two barrel vaults. On the upper floor there are living rooms with partly high-quality stucco parts from the 18th century. Up until 1933, a square tower with strong walls was added to the northern outer facade, reaching up to the eaves. This was demolished down to one storey and now forms a roof terrace. Its carefully hewn ashlar stones at the corners and inside a cross vault from the 15th century are striking. Opposite this remains of the tower are rock recesses on the slope, which may have belonged to an earlier gate system. In 1856 the road that still exists today was relocated again below the Klausen building; the pathway from the 16th century fell into disrepair.
South of the Klaus building is the patch on the rock Schreiberhaus . In essence, this goes back to the 16th century, but was almost completely rebuilt in a historicist form before 1898 . It is a two-storey, five-axis building with a monopitch roof and is framed on each side by a round tower with a steep conical roof . On the southern side there is a two-storey square bay window that sits on chamfered and rounded double cantilevers ; it has replaced a bay window that used to be here.
Opposite the clerk's house is the former customs office . It is pushed out over the cliff on a freestanding pillar wall. The rectangular core structure dates back to the 16th century. In the course of the historicist renovation, it was equipped on the north and south with apsidal extensions with decorative battlements over cantilevered round arch friezes. The interior is almost entirely paneled and features furnishings reminiscent of the Renaissance period . A bridge with a wooden superstructure leads from the upper floor to the clerk's house.
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Below the Klausen building is a chapel from 1478. It was consecrated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers . Duke Sigismund had established a chaplaincy benefice for them . With the relocation of the customs office to the Fernpass, the altar of the Holy Helpers, created in 1661, and the benefice were transferred to the Chapel of the Holy Helpers built there. The chapel has two bays with a three-sided end and pointed arch windows. It is equipped with a steep gable roof crowned covered and an open gable rider. There is a sacristy annex on the north side .
The Niederhaus was first mentioned in 1462. The old barrier wall ran from the upper tower to here. It was structurally changed and now serves as a farm building. Most of the old wall has been preserved, the rondelles are designs from the 19th century.
literature
- Oswald Trapp ; Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (employee): Tiroler Burgenbuch. VII. Volume - Upper Inn Valley and Ausserfern . Athesia publishing house, Bozen 1986, ISBN 88-7014-391-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Patrick Werner: Fernstein . In: Oswald Trapp & Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner, 1986, pp. 231–246.
Web links
- Entry via Fernstein Castle to Burgen-Austria
- Entry about the castle ruins Fernstein on allgaeu-abc.de
- Article about Fernstein on burgen.tips.at