Winzenburg Castle
| Winzenburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Ruins of the pentagonal keep of Winzenburg |
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| Creation time : | Mid 9th century | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | Ruin, remains of the wall | |
| Place: | Winzenburg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 56 '35.5 " N , 9 ° 56' 42" E | |
| Height: | 270 m above sea level NHN | |
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The castle Winzenburg was a spur castle on a mountain spur of the sack forest above Winzenburg , southeast of Alfeld (Leine) . Today the complex is a ruined castle , which mainly consists of the remains of the pentagonal keep .
Building description
The castle consisted of the main castle on a residential hill, a large courtyard and the pentagonal keep in front of it. It was a particularly strong fortress with a pointed oval floor plan 200 meters long and 80 meters wide. The main castle at the southwest end consisted of one or more residential buildings, a cistern and a church. The rest of the pentagonal keep, which was built between 1130 and 1150, can be found in the eastern part of the complex. In 1230 the tower was raised by one floor. The castle fountain , which was a cistern , has been reconstructed on the former residential hill . The water was brought from the Apenteich springs below by donkey on the Eselssteig up to the castle. The springs fed the Apenteiche, which was built in 1220. The springs were a pagan cult area where offerings around 5,000 years old were found.
When it was built in the middle of the 9th century, the castle was originally a ring wall . At the time of Hildesheim Bishop Otto I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1260–1279) it was walled. The first major expansion took place in the 12th century.
history
The castle was first mentioned in a document in 1109, when Hermann I from Formbach received it as a fiefdom from his uncle, the Hildesheim bishop Udo von Gleichen-Reinhausen , and named himself after her. He got into a dispute with his feudal taker Burchard I von Loccum over the building of the castle and had him murdered in 1130. As a result, Hermann I lost all fiefdoms.
At the instigation of Emperor Lothar III. the castle was destroyed and fell to the bishop of Hildesheim Bernhard I , who had it rebuilt in the following period.
In 1150 Hermann II succeeded in getting the castle back as a fiefdom, but in 1152 he and his wife were murdered on the Winzenburg by one of his knights. With that, the Winzenburg family died out. The ownerless castle fell back to the Bishop of Hildesheim, who made it the strongest castle of his rule and the center of an office . In 1522 the castle was completely destroyed in the Hildesheim collegiate feud and fell into disrepair. Through the Quedlinburg recession in 1523 the ruins came to the Duke of Brunswick Heinrich the Middle . He had an administrative court built in the valley near the former village of Hasekenhusen, today's Winzenburg . He had the necessary stone material broken from the brickwork of the Winzenburg.
Fortifications nearby
- Eringaburg
- Greene Castle
- Hausfreden Castle
- Dörhai (ramparts)
- Tiebenburg
- Ohlenburg
- Läsekenburg
- High hill
literature
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The ruins of Winzenburg , pp. 60-62, in: If stones could talk , Volume II, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7842-0479-1 .
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 177-180
Web links
- Entry by Gudrun Pischke zu Winzenburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Description of the castle at Burgenwelt
- Apenteich description below the castle
- Reconstruction drawing in the medieval state by Wolfgang Braun
- Winzenburg Castle in the southern Sackwald
- Map with fortifications in the Winzenburg area