Burkholderiaceae
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Burkholderia pseudomallei on an agar plate in a petri dish |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Burkholderiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Garrity et al. 2006 |
The burkholderiaceae are a bacteria - family needed to order the Burkholderiales belongs. On the basis of 16S rRNA analyzes, bacteria that differ greatly in terms of ecology and metabolic pathway were summarized here. There are obligatory aerobic to facultative anaerobic , chemoorganotrophic and chemolithotrophic species. The members are, like all proteobacteria , gram negative . The cells are usually rod-shaped.
ecology
Genera of this family inhabit a wide range of different habitats. For example, Pandoraea has been found in soil, water, and mud. It also occurs in the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis ( cystic fibrosis ). Lautropia was found in the oral cavity of humans, Cupriavidus and Paucimonas in the soil. In general, they are motile by polar or peritrichally arranged flagella . Exceptions are: different types of Burkholderia (e.g. Burkholderia mallei ), Lautropia and Polynucleobacter necessarius , these bacteria cannot actively move. The species Ralstonia solanacearum is not always flagellated either.
Some species are denitrifiers , bacteria that are capable of breathing nitrate. This is an anaerobic form of breathing; instead of oxygen, nitrate acts as an electron acceptor . These include u. a. Ralstonia insidiosa , R. pickettii , Cupriavidus campinensis and Alcaligenes eutrophus (synonym: Ralstonia eutropha ).
Also, nitrogen-fixing bacteria in this family present, for. B. Burkholderia vietnamiensis
Thermothrix azorensis is thermophilic and autotrophic (more precisely: chemolithoautotrophic), it is able to gain energy from inorganic compounds. Carbon dioxide serves as the carbon source. Growth takes place at temperatures between 63 and 86 ° C.
Polynucleobacter is a heterogeneous genus with currently five species described, which on the one hand contains obligate endosymbionts of different Euplotes species, a genus of the eyelash animal (Ciliophora), but on the other hand also contains free-living freshwater bacteria.
Pathogenicity
Some species are pathogenic (causing disease) to plants, animals and humans. The species Burkholderia mallei (synonym: Actinobacillus mallei , Pseudomonas mallei ) is the trigger of snot (malleus) in horses, camels, dogs. The melioidosis , an infectious disease in humans is of pseudomallei Burkholderia caused. Ralstonia solanacearum is mainly plant pathogenic in tropical regions. It causes the so-called mucus disease in up to 200 plant species . Affected are u. a. Potatoes, tobacco and other species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), hence the name of the bacterium. It is very important for agriculture . The genome of Ralstonia solanacearum was completely sequenced in 2002 .
Systematics
- Burkholderia Yabuuchi et al. 1993 emend. Gillis et al. 1995
- Caballeronia Dobritsa and Samadpour 2016
- Chitinimonas Chang et al. 2004
- Cupriavidus Makkar and Casida 1987 emend. Vandamme and Coenye 2004
- Lautropia Gerner-Smidt et al. 1995
- Limnobacter Spring et al. 2001
- Pandoraea Coenye et al. 2000
- Paucimonas Jendrossek 2001
- Polynucleobacter Heckmann and Schmidt 1987
- Ralstonia Yabuuchi et al. 1996
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ R. A. Siddiqui, U. Warnecke-Eberz, A. Hengsberger, B. Schneider, S. Kostka and B. Friedrich: Structure and function of a periplasmic nitrate reductase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. In: The Journal of Bacteriology 1993 September; 175 (18): pp. 5867-5876 online
- ^ Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt and Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes. Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria . ISBN 978-3642301964
- ↑ Paulina Estrada-De Los Santos, Rocío Bustillos-Cristales, and Jesús Caballero-Mellado: Burkholderia, a Genus Rich in Plant-Associated Nitrogen Fixers with Wide Environmental and Geographic Distribution In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology June 2001, pp. 2790-2798 On-line
- ^ MW Hahn, E. Lang, U. Brandt, QL Wu and T. Scheuerl: Emended description of the genus Polynucleobacter and the species Polynucleobacter necessarius and proposal of two subspecies, P. necessarius subsp. necessarius subsp. nov. and P. necessarius subsp. asymbioticus subsp. nov. Int. J syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59: 2002-2009. ( doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.005801-0 )
- ↑ Salanoubat et al. (2002): Genome sequence of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. In: Nature Volume 415: 497-502
- ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Burkholderiaceae (as of January 24, 2019)
literature
- George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2: The Proteobacteria Part C. The Alpha-, Beta, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. 2nd edition. Springer, New York NY et al. 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .
- Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow , Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (eds.) The Prokaryotes. A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria. Volume 2: Ecophysiology and Biochemistry. 3rd edition. Springer-Verlag, New York NY et al. 2006, ISBN 0-387-25492-7 .
