Burkholderia
Burkholderia | ||||||||||||
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Burkholderia pseudomallei on an agar plate in a petri dish |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Burkholderia | ||||||||||||
Yabuuchi et al. 1993 emend. Gillis et al. 1995 |
The genus Burkholderia (formerly part of the genus Pseudomonas ) comprises a group of ubiquitous, gram-negative , motile, obligate aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria , some of which are pathogenic for humans, animals and plants, but also contain species that are important for the environment .
In particular, Burkholderia xenovorans (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia , then Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia fungorum ) is recognized for its ability to degrade organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).
The use of Burkholderia species for agricultural purposes (such as biodegradation , biological pest control and as root bacteria that support plant growth) is the cause of discussions about the possible pathogenic effects on immunosuppressed people (especially patients with cystic fibrosis ( cystic fibrosis ) and those with hospital infections Suffer). Because of their antibiotic - resistance and high mortality of the diseases caused by them ( Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei ) be considered as a possible biological weapons -Agentien that can be used against humans and animals.
Some Burkholderia species enter into a symbiosis with the mold Rhizopus microsporus ( Burkholderia rhizoxinica and Burkholderia endofungorum ) and produce the toxin rhizoxin .
Surname
The genus was named in 1992 (with errata 1993) by Eiko Yabuuchi and her colleagues after the phytopathologist Walter Hagemeyer Burkholder , who taught at Cornell University in the mid-20th century and described a number of plant- pathogenic bacteria.
species
The following species belong to the genus Burkholderia:
- Burkholderia ambifaria Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia anthina Vandamme et al. 2002
- Burkholderia brasilensis
- Burkholderia caledonica Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia caribensis Achouak et al. 1999
- Burkholderia caryophylli (Burkholder 1942) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni & Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 ( type species )
- Burkholderia cepacia complex
- Burkholderia dolosa Vermis et al. 2004
- Burkholderia endofungorum Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia fungorum Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia glathei (Zolg & Ottow 1975) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei 1967) Urakami et al. 1994
- Burkholderia graminis Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia hospita Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia kururiensis Zhang et al. 2000
- Burkholderia mallei (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia multivorans Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia phenazinium (Bell & Turner 1973) Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia phenoliruptrix Coenye et al. 2005
- Burkholderia phymatum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia phytofirmans Sessitsch et al. 2005
- Burkholderia plantarii (Azegami et al. 1987) Urakami et al. 1994
- Burkholderia pseudomallei (Whitmore 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia pyrrocinia (Imanaka et al. 1965) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia rhizoxinica Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia sacchari Bramer et al. 2001
- Burkholderia singaporensis
- Burkholderia sordidicola Lim et al. 2003
- Burkholderia stabilis Vandamme et al. 2000
- Burkholderia terricola Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia thailandensis Brett et al. 1998
- Burkholderia tropica Reis et al. 2004
- Burkholderia tuberum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia ubonensis corrig. Yabuuchi et al. 2000
- Burkholderia unamae Caballero-Mellado et al. 2004
- Burkholderia vietnamiensis Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia xenovorans Goris et al. 2004
The following species are known for their human and animal pathogenicity :
- Burkholderia mallei , causative agent of the snot of the odd-toed ungulates; is also pathogenic for humans
- Burkholderia pseudomallei , causing melioidosis
- Burkholderia cepacia , a major cause of cystic fibrosis lung infection in humans
Web links
- Pathema- Burkholderia Resource
- JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Burkholderia
- Burkholderia in JP Euzéby: Dictionnaire de Bactériologie Vétérinaire
Individual evidence
- ↑ J. Jacob Parnell, Joonhong Park, Vincent Denef, Tamara Tsoi, Syed Hashsham, John Quensen III and James M. Tiedje: Coping with Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Toxicity: Physiological and Genome-Wide Responses of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to PCB-Mediated Stress . In: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 6607-6614.
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Bioterrorism Agents / Diseases ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Partida-Martinez LP & Hertweck C (2005): Pathogenic fungus harbors endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature, vol. 437, p. 884-888