Burkholderia

Burkholderia
Burkholderia pseudomallei on an agar plate in a petri dish
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria) Department : Proteobacteria Class : Betaproteobacteria Order : Burkholderiales Family : Burkholderiaceae Genre : Burkholderia
Scientific name
Burkholderia
Yabuuchi et al. 1993 emend. Gillis et al. 1995

The genus Burkholderia (formerly part of the genus Pseudomonas ) comprises a group of ubiquitous, gram-negative , motile, obligate aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria , some of which are pathogenic for humans, animals and plants, but also contain species that are important for the environment .

In particular, Burkholderia xenovorans (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia , then Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia fungorum ) is recognized for its ability to degrade organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).

The use of Burkholderia species for agricultural purposes (such as biodegradation , biological pest control and as root bacteria that support plant growth) is the cause of discussions about the possible pathogenic effects on immunosuppressed people (especially patients with cystic fibrosis ( cystic fibrosis ) and those with hospital infections Suffer). Because of their antibiotic - resistance and high mortality of the diseases caused by them ( Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei ) be considered as a possible biological weapons -Agentien that can be used against humans and animals.

Some Burkholderia species enter into a symbiosis with the mold Rhizopus microsporus ( Burkholderia rhizoxinica and Burkholderia endofungorum ) and produce the toxin rhizoxin .

Surname

The genus was named in 1992 (with errata 1993) by Eiko Yabuuchi and her colleagues after the phytopathologist Walter Hagemeyer Burkholder , who taught at Cornell University in the mid-20th century and described a number of plant- pathogenic bacteria.

species

The following species belong to the genus Burkholderia:

• Burkholderia ambifaria Coenye et al. 2001
• Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis et al. 1995
• Burkholderia anthina Vandamme et al. 2002
• Burkholderia brasilensis
• Burkholderia caledonica Coenye et al. 2001
• Burkholderia caribensis Achouak et al. 1999
• Burkholderia caryophylli (Burkholder 1942) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
• Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al. 2003
• Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni & Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 ( type species )
• Burkholderia cepacia complex
• Burkholderia dolosa Vermis et al. 2004
• Burkholderia endofungorum Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
• Burkholderia fungorum Coenye et al. 2001
• Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
• Burkholderia glathei (Zolg & Ottow 1975) Vandamme et al. 1997
• Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei 1967) Urakami et al. 1994
• Burkholderia graminis Viallard et al. 1998
• Burkholderia hospita Goris et al. 2003
• Burkholderia kururiensis Zhang et al. 2000
• Burkholderia mallei (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
• Burkholderia multivorans Vandamme et al. 1997
• Burkholderia phenazinium (Bell & Turner 1973) Viallard et al. 1998
• Burkholderia phenoliruptrix Coenye et al. 2005
• Burkholderia phymatum Vandamme et al. 2003
• Burkholderia phytofirmans Sessitsch et al. 2005
• Burkholderia plantarii (Azegami et al. 1987) Urakami et al. 1994
• Burkholderia pseudomallei (Whitmore 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
• Burkholderia pyrrocinia (Imanaka et al. 1965) Vandamme et al. 1997
• Burkholderia rhizoxinica Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
• Burkholderia sacchari Bramer et al. 2001
• Burkholderia singaporensis
• Burkholderia sordidicola Lim et al. 2003
• Burkholderia stabilis Vandamme et al. 2000
• Burkholderia terricola Goris et al. 2003
• Burkholderia thailandensis Brett et al. 1998
• Burkholderia tropica Reis et al. 2004
• Burkholderia tuberum Vandamme et al. 2003
• Burkholderia ubonensis corrig. Yabuuchi et al. 2000
• Burkholderia unamae Caballero-Mellado et al. 2004
• Burkholderia vietnamiensis Gillis et al. 1995
• Burkholderia xenovorans Goris et al. 2004

The following species are known for their human and animal pathogenicity :

• Burkholderia mallei , causative agent of the snot of the odd-toed ungulates; is also pathogenic for humans
• Burkholderia pseudomallei , causing melioidosis
• Burkholderia cepacia , a major cause of cystic fibrosis lung infection in humans

Web links

Commons : Burkholderia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Pathema- Burkholderia Resource
• JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Burkholderia
• Burkholderia in JP Euzéby: Dictionnaire de Bactériologie Vétérinaire

Individual evidence

1. ↑ J. Jacob Parnell, Joonhong Park, Vincent Denef, Tamara Tsoi, Syed Hashsham, John Quensen III and James M. Tiedje: Coping with Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Toxicity: Physiological and Genome-Wide Responses of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to PCB-Mediated Stress . In: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 6607-6614.
2. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Bioterrorism Agents / Diseases ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Partida-Martinez LP & Hertweck C (2005): Pathogenic fungus harbors endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature, vol. 437, p. 884-888