Burkholderia cepacia

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Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia cepacia.jpg

Burkholderia cepacia

Systematics
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Betaproteobacteria
Order : Burkholderiales
Family : Burkholderiaceae
Genre : Burkholderia
Type : Burkholderia cepacia
Scientific name
Burkholderia cepacia
(Palleroni & Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. 1993

Burkholderia cepacia is a catalase- producing, non- lactose- degrading, gram-negative bacterium from the genus Burkholderia .

Occurrence

Burkholderia cepacia is typically found in the groundwater and soil and can also survive in a moist environment for long periods of time. In particular in patients with cystic fibrosis, it is a feared problem germ because of its high resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, in many hospitals, patients with cystic fibrosis infected with Burkholderia cepacia are strictly isolated. Infection with Burkholderia cepacia can lead to rapid decline in lung function and death. The pathogen also plays a role in triggering pneumonia in reptiles.

Burkholderia cepacia is also common in seas. Like humans and other terrestrial inhabitants, Burkholderia cepacia also threatens marine life, e. B. glass sponges living on the Antarctic seabed , including Anoxycalyx joubini . Its endosymbiotic bacteria (e.g. Pseudoalteromonas sp. TB41) produce specifically effective antibiotics to protect against foreign colonization by Burkholderia cepacia .

diagnosis

The diagnosis of Burkholderia cepacia infection requires the isolation of the bacteria from the sputum and their cultivation.

therapy

Burkholderia cepacia is naturally resistant to many common antibiotics including aminoglycosides and polymyxin B . The bacterium is so tough that it can even withstand the iodophores used as an antiseptic . Therapy usually includes several antibiotics, including ceftazidime , doxycycline , piperacillin , chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole . In April 2007, researchers from the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Western Ontario, who worked with a group in Edinburgh, announced that they had found a way to kill the bacterium.

history

B. cepacia was discovered in 1949 by Walter Burkholder as the cause of onion skin rot. It was first described as a human pathogen in the 1950s. It was first discovered in patients with cystic fibrosis in the 1980s . A 35% mortality rate has been observed in outbreaks . B. cepacia has a very large genome that contains twice as much genetic material as Escherichia coli . In August 2010, adhesive creams contaminated with Burkholderia cepacia had to be recalled from the market in Germany . Mouthwashes contaminated with the bacterium had to be recalled on January 9, 2018. On September 18, 2019, the drugstore chain Rossmann recalled a children's shower gel contaminated with the pathogen.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dayton, Paul K. et al .: Recruitment, growth and mortality of an Antarctic hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PloS one, Volume 8, No. 2, 2013, e56939 doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0056939
  2. ↑ McClintock, James B. et al .: Ecology of Antarctic marine sponges: an overview. Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 45, No. 2, 2005, pp. 359-368.
  3. ↑ Romoli, R. et al .: GC-MS volatolomic approach to study the antimicrobial activity of the antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. TB41. Metabolomics, 2013, pp. 1-10 doi : 10.1007 / s11306-013-0549-2
  4. Jump up ↑ Papaleo, Maria Cristiana et al .: Sponge-associated microbial Antarctic communities exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2012, pp. 272-293.
  5. ^ A b McGowan J: Resistance in nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria: multidrug resistance to the maximum . In: Am J Infect Control . 34, No. 5 Suppl 1, 2006, pp. S29-37; discussion S64-73. PMID 16813979 .
  6. ↑ Anderson R, Vess R, Panlilio A, Favero M: Prolonged survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in commercially manufactured povidone-iodine . In: Appl Environ Microbiol . 56, No. 11, 1990, pp. 3598-3600. PMID 2268166 .
  7. ^ Key Found to Kill Cystic Fibrosis Superbug . In: Innovations Report , April 25, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007. 
  8. ↑ Burkholder WH: Sour skin, a bacterial rot of onion bulbs . In: Phytopathology . 40, 1950, pp. 115-7.
  9. ↑ gxb / apn: Blend-a-dent: bacteria found in adhesive cream. In: Focus Online . August 26, 2010, accessed October 14, 2018 .
  10. ↑ mol: Another recall of a mouthwash: Use could have fatal consequences for consumers. In: Merkur.de. January 14, 2019, accessed January 14, 2019 .
  11. ^ NDR: Recall: Resistant germs in children's shower gel. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .

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