Ceftazidime

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Ceftazidime
other names	(6 R , 7 R , Z ) -7- (2- (2-aminothiazol-4-yl) -2- (2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino) acetamido) -8-oxo-3- (pyridinium-1- ylmethyl) -5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
Molecular formula	C 22 H 22 N 6 O 7 S 2
Brief description	White dust
External identifiers / databases
EC number	276-715-9
ECHA InfoCard	100,069,720
PubChem	5481173
ChemSpider	4587145
DrugBank	DB00438
Wikidata	Q808845
Drug information
ATC code	J01 DD02
properties
Molar mass	546.58 g · mol -1
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger
H and P phrases	H: 334-317
	P: 261-272-285-280-304 + 341-302 + 352-333 + 313-363-342 + 311-501
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ceftazidime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic . It has high activity against most gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Spectrum of activity

Similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to this also against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the causative agent of the rare tropical disease melioidosis , Burkholderia pseudomallei . In the gram-positive range, ceftazidime has a weaker effect than cefotaxime, for example only moderately on streptococci and weakly on staphylococci . It is ineffective for MRSA and ESBL .

The combination with the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam can expand the spectrum of resistant germs by blocking the β-lactamase produced by these bacteria.

Indications

Ceftazidime should be used primarily to treat suspected or proven infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The following infections are approved if they are severe and caused by pathogens sensitive to ceftazidime: respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections , skin and soft tissue infections, infections of the genital organs, the abdomen, bones and joints and as a result of hemo- or peritoneal dialysis .

application

Ceftazidime is usually given parenterally as an intravenous infusion . It is also approved for intramuscular and intravenous injection .

Pharmacokinetics

Ceftazidime is practically not absorbed after oral administration . After parenteral administration it has a biological half-life of approx. 2 hours. In the serum it is about 10% bound to protein, in most tissues it reaches concentrations that are above the typical minimum inhibitory concentrations of sensitive pathogens. Almost all of the elimination takes place by glomerular filtration through the kidneys, so the dose must be adjusted in case of renal insufficiency . There is no metabolism in the liver.

Side effects

Allergic reactions are much less common than with penicillins . Changes in the blood count such as thrombocytopenia , leukopenia or eosinophilia also occur rarely . Other side effects are due, among other things, to damage to the physiological bacterial flora, e.g. B. Candida infections in the vagina and mouth and diarrhea .

Trade names

Fortum (D), Fortam (CH), several generics .

Individual evidence

↑ Data sheet Ceftazidime hydrate, 90.0-105.0% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 12, 2012 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b Entry on ceftazidime at TCI Europe, accessed on December 12, 2012.
^ White NJ: Melioidosis . In: The Lancet . 361, No. 9370, 2003, pp. 1715-1722. doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (03) 13374-0 . PMID 12767750 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Roger Hillert: Antibiotics and Antimycotics . Ed .: Grit Ackermann. 3. Edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8047-2494-5 , p. 64-65 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ratiopharm GmbH (Ed.): Fachinformation Fortum . August 2011.
↑ Mutschler, drug effects, 9th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8047-1952-1 .

[Sigma-1] Data sheet Ceftazidime hydrate, 90.0-105.0% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 12, 2012 ( PDF ).

[tci-2] Entry on ceftazidime at TCI Europe, accessed on December 12, 2012.

[3] White NJ: Melioidosis . In: The Lancet . 361, No. 9370, 2003, pp. 1715-1722. doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (03) 13374-0 . PMID 12767750 .

[Ackermann-4] Roger Hillert: Antibiotics and Antimycotics . Ed .: Grit Ackermann. 3. Edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8047-2494-5 , p. 64-65 .

[Fachinfo-5] ratiopharm GmbH (Ed.): Fachinformation Fortum . August 2011.

[6] Mutschler, drug effects, 9th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8047-1952-1 .