Buschelberg
The striking Buschelberg rises up to 70 meters above the Schmutter valley on the northern outskirts of Markt Fischach ( Augsburg district , Swabia ) . The wooded hill bears one of the most impressive early medieval Hungarian fortifications in the Augsburg area.
history
The current name "Buschelberg" should be derived from "Burgselberg" ( Burgstallberg ) and denotes numerous former castle sites in southwest Germany.
The mountain was already settled in prehistoric times. Some ceramic finds are dated to the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. The Celts certainly also settled on the hill. In the vicinity there are numerous groups of burial mounds from this period as well as a very well-preserved Viereckschanze ( Brennburg ).
In the course of an emergency excavation in 1976, evidence of a late Carolingian - Ottonian central castle of the early state expansion was found. The walls of this castle were faced with dry stone walls made of Nagelfluh and sandstone , which can be assigned to at least two construction phases.
During the Hungarian invasions in the first half of the 10th century AD, the fortifications were expanded again. For this purpose, the older fortifications were partially covered with earth and the ramparts were secured with palisades . This finding is typical of fortifications from the Hungarian period, the construction of which was evidently often carried out in great haste and relatively hastily.
Since then, the Buschelberg has borne the remains of one of the largest fortifications in Bavarian Swabia. Together with the nearby Haldenburg near Schwabegg, the Pfarrerschanze near Todtenweis and the Wagesenberg ski jump , the ground monument is the most important example of such an early medieval large castle around the scene of the battle on the Lechfeld .
After the battle, the Hungarian threat was eliminated. Most of the large state castles were then only used for a short time or given up. In addition to these large castles, numerous smaller ramparts and section fortifications, presumably from the Hungarian period, have been preserved, particularly on the eastern side of the Lech , which are mostly to be regarded as village fortifications or troop bases.
The extensive ramparts of the Buschelberg apparently remained partially unfinished. The staggered depths of the ramparts and the typical riders approaching obstacles on the northwest flank clearly indicate the function of the last expansion stage as a Hungarian protective castle. The Talschanze upstream to the southwest could have carried the castle of a local noble family in the High Middle Ages .
The ground monument is still very insufficiently researched and developed scientifically. Some of the ramparts have been planted with large areas of young forest or are broken up by wood removal routes. Some information boards allow a rough overview of the entire system. Only the northern part of the so-called Annex II with the ribs of the rider approach obstacles is very well visible. The main wall in the south, known as the "Hungarian Wall", is almost completely hidden by dense young forest and is difficult to walk on. Some wind breaks also make it difficult to examine the ramparts of the main plant. Contrary to the information in the literature, the main wall with its ditch is still relatively well preserved and up to eight meters high.
description
The Hungarian or older fortifications surround the two 551 and 558 m above sea level. NN high peaks of the south-facing mountain spur. The “Talschanze” at the southern foot of the hill could not have been built until the High Middle Ages. It is possible that the residence of the local noble family of the Lords of Fischach can be located here.
The trapezoidal core structure (Annex I) of the southern main fortification measures around 125–160 × 70 meters. A trench with a rampart runs around the plateau. Another double wall is placed in the shape of a horseshoe towards the north. The main wall in the south of the plateau, which was originally around ten meters high, has partially slid down the slope due to the earth flow. A semicircular rampart in front of the former main wall also secures the valley slope. The downward gully in the east could go back to a secured waterway.
The weir systems of the northern Annex II, which are separated from the main plant by a saddle, are less pronounced. The twelve easily recognizable locking bars in the west of the plateau are of particular interest. Such obstacles to the approach of riders were reinforced with pointed wooden posts or planted with thorn hedges. The Magyar cavalrymen were to be forced to dismount and to prevent them from attacking the main plant. Similarly shape corresponding "Reiter trades" are the Vorburgwall the heap bei Schwabmunchen presented.
The south-eastern connection to the main plant is a poorly preserved barrier wall, which formerly secured the old castle driveway. The slopes of the plateau lying to the east above the barrier system were artificially partitioned, especially in the north.
The fortifications at the north-western foot of the mountain and the eastern slope towards the hamlet of Heimberg were apparently not completed . It is possible that the security of these areas was discontinued after the battle on the Lechfeld.
Whether the Talschanze in the southwest can still be assigned to the early medieval fortification concept cannot be clearly decided. The plateau of the facility (approx. 100 × 65 meters) is eight to twelve meters above the valley, the slopes are artificially divided.
The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the ground monument as a ring wall of prehistoric times under the monument number D 7-7729-0005.
literature
- Otto Schneider: Ringwall "Buschelberg" near Fischach. In: Hans Frei, Günther Krahe (Ed.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Swabia, Volume 1: Archaeological walks around Augsburg. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart and Aalen 1977, ISBN 3-8062-0185-4 , pp. 67-72.
- Michael Piller: Fischach - history of a central Swabian market town. Weißenhorn 1981, ISBN 3-87437-178-6 .
- Otto Schneider: The Buschelberg, a prehistoric rampart in the southwest of Augsburg. In: Schwäbische Blätter, 1962, issue 4, p. 103 ff.
- Wilhelm Schneider: The southwest German Hungarian walls and their builders. (Work on Alemannic Early History, Book XVI). - Tübingen 1989.
proof
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 48 ° 17 ′ 52.9 " N , 10 ° 39 ′ 21.8" E