Butyronitrile

Structural formula
General
Surname	Butyronitrile
other names	n -Butyronitrile; Butyric acid nitrile; Butanenitrile; 1-cyanopropane; Propyl cyanide; n -propyl cyanide;
Molecular formula	C 4 H 7 N
Brief description	colorless liquid with an ethereal odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	203-700-6
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.365
PubChem	8008
Wikidata	Q420835
properties
Molar mass	69.11 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.79 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	−112 ° C
boiling point	117 ° C
solubility	poor in water (33 g l −1 at 25 ° C)
Refractive index	1.3842 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 225-301 + 311 + 331
	P: 210-261-280-301 + 310-311
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−5.8 kJ / mol
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Butyronitrile is a liquid chemical compound that does not occur naturally on earth and is the nitrile of butyric acid .

presentation

Butyronitrile can be produced by hydrocyanating propylene with hydrocyanic acid . The reaction of 1-propyl bromide with sodium cyanide or other alkali metal cyanides ( Kolbe nitrile synthesis ) also gives butyronitrile.

Occurrence

Butyronitrile was detected spectroscopically by astronomers in addition to aminoacetonitrile and ethyl formate in a dense, hot gas cloud in the star-forming region Sagittarius B2 .

toxicity

Butyronitrile can through the respiratory system, the digestive tract and particularly through the skin added to. Symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of hydrogen cyanide , but delayed in comparison.

literature

Organikum , 23rd edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2009, ISBN 978-3-527-32292-3

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on butyronitrile in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-72.
↑ Entry on butyronitrile in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-26.
↑ Marcel Brodmann doctorate in 1963 .
↑ Wissenschaft Current: Complex Molecules in Space. ( Memento from June 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on butyronitrile in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[CRC90_3_72-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-72.

[CLP_100.003.365-3] Entry on butyronitrile in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[CRC90_5_26-4] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-26.

[brodmann-5] Marcel Brodmann doctorate in 1963 .

[wiss-6] Wissenschaft Current: Complex Molecules in Space. ( Memento from June 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive )