Camptotheca acuminata
| Chinese lucky tree | ||||||||||||
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Camptotheca acuminata |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Camptotheca acuminata | ||||||||||||
| Decne. |
Camptotheca acuminata or Chinese crab tree , Chinese lucky tree , is one of three species of the genus Camptotheca within the family Tupelo family(Nyssaceae). It occurs in the southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hunan and Yunnan . There are very large deposits in Yunnan; itno longer occurs in thewild in Sichuan , Hunan and in most of the eastern provinces.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Chinese lucky tree is a fast-growing, deciduous tree that reaches heights of 20-25 m or higher (40 m). The branches have a smooth bark . The light gray, brownish bark is more or less furrowed to scaly.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The light green to reddish leaf stalk is relatively short with a length of 1.5 to 3 centimeters. The simple leaf blade is usually 14 to 20 (10 to 35) centimeters in length and usually 7 to 10 (5 to 20) centimeters ovoid to broadly ovoid or elliptical, lanceolate to rounded with a blunt to almost rounded blade base and a pointed upper end . The upper side of the leaf is shiny and dark green and the underside is pale green. The leaf margin is whole and partly serrated, serrated and partly wavy. The strong veins are parallel and forward pinnate, sometimes alternating.
Generative characteristics
The Chinese lucky tree is Andromonöz . The stalked, dense and spherical to about 2 centimeters large head-shaped partial inflorescences are male or hermaphrodite, and stand in pairs or more (up to ten) in racemose or paniculate compound inflorescences. In the individual flower heads there are two flowers together, there are (three; more or less) hairy, decrepit bracts (possibly two bracts and bracts) per flower .
The flowers have a cup-shaped, indistinct five-lobed calyx, with a straight edge, which surrounds a yellowish, fleshy nectar disc, there are five small, light green petals. The ten, not particularly durable and long, whitish stamens are arranged in two circles, on the calyx rim around the nectar disc, with the anthers at the top (apicifix). The ovary is inferior and mostly single chamber, it is an off-white pen with two to trilobal scar present.
There are around 40 to 65 achenes per collective crop. The first green, then yellow, triangular achenes are up to 4 centimeters long and up to 10 centimeters wide. When dried, they are orange to greyish brown, leathery and wrinkled. In Yunnan, 1,000 tons ( TM ) of seeds are extracted annually .
Chromosome sets and ingredients
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42 or 44.
All parts of the plant contain the alkaloid camptothecin ; the concentration is greatest in the roots, young leaves, flower buds and fruits (seeds).
Locations
Camptotheca acuminata thrives well up to an altitude of 1200 and 1500 meters, but individual wild specimens can also occur up to an altitude of 2700 meters.
Systematics
The first description of Camptotheca acuminata in 1873 from Joseph Decaisne , director of the Jardin Des Plantes, Paris, in Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France , Volume 20, page 157. The type specimen was by Father Armand David in Mount Lu in Jiangxi Province during collected from his exploration of China 1868–1870.
There are three varieties of Camptotheca acuminata :
- Camptotheca acuminata Decne. var. acuminata
- Camptotheca acuminata var. Tenuifolia W.P. Fang & Soong
- Camptotheca acuminata var. Rotundifolia B.M. Yang & LDDuan
The varieties differ in leaf and fruit size, fruit color and the texture of the rind.
literature
- Robert E. Perdue et al .: Camptotheca Acuminata Decaisne (Nyssaceae) Source of Camptothecin: An Antileukemic Alkaloid. In: USDA Technical Bulletin 1415, Washington, DC 1970, online (PDF; 1 MB).
- Haining Qin, Chamlong Phengklai: Nyssaceae : Camptotheca acuminata , p. 300 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 .
Web links
- Camptotheca acuminata at Chinese Medicine Specimen Database . , accessed January 5, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Haining Qin, Chamlong Phengklai: Nyssaceae : Camptotheca acuminata , p. 300 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 .
- ^ A b c Shiyou Li: Taxonomy of Camptotheca Decaisne. In: Pharmaceutical Crops. 5, (Suppl 2: M2), 2014, pp. 89–99, doi : 10.2174 / 2210290601405010089 , PDF on benthamopen.com (PDF; 2.3 MB), accessed on January 5, 2018.
- ↑ Verena Moser: The flower structure of the allegedly related genera Davidia and Camptotheca. In: Quarterly journal of the natural research society. Volume 113, Zurich 1968, pp. 157–186, Leemann, Zurich 1968, PDF from Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zurich. , accessed January 6, 2018.
- ^ Robert E. Perdue et al .: Camptotheca Acuminata Decaisne (Nyssaceae) Source of Camptothecin: An Antileukemic Alkaloid. In: USDA Technical Bulletin 1415, Washington, DC 1970, online (PDF; 1 MB). P. 3.
- ↑ Camptotheca acuminata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Y. Pi, K. Jiang et al .: Examination of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata plant and cell culture, and the affected yields under several cell culture treatments. In: Biocell. Volume 34, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 139-43, PMID 21443144 .
- ^ Xiu-Feng Yan, Yang Wang et al .: Variation in camptothecin content in Camptotheca acuminata leaves. In: Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. Volume 44, 2003, pp. 99-105.
- ^ Arnold Brossi: The Alkaloids. Volume XXI, Academic Press, 1983, ISBN 0-12-469521-3 , p. 103.
- ↑ Camptotheca acuminata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 29, 2018.