Capa
The Capa (also Cappa , Middle Latin ) is a medieval overgarment that was worn over the tunic .
It was originally a calf-length to floor-length sleeveless slip dress that was worn by both sexes and was equipped with a collar that could be raised or a detachable hood as travel clothing and weather protection . The Cappa was initially always made of wool in dark tones.
"Spanish cap"
Especially in Spain in the 16th and early 17th centuries (at the royal court until the 18th century), the capa with a circular cut and open at the front made of wool, velvet or silk was the garment of the noble man. At court, the length of the train and the shade of red indicated the rank of the wearer. At first the coat was calf-length, later at most knee-length, in France and England it was even shorter. The variant with a hood was considered typically Spanish and was therefore referred to in France as cape à l'espagnole , in Germany as the Spanish cap . In the 19th century, the large evening cape is sometimes still used as a festive evening wear for the gentleman.
Liturgical clothing
As choral clothing for clerics , the cycling coat represented the basic shape of the capa, like the capa choralis for winter choral service . This developed the close form of Capa clausa that in the front slotted Pluviale , as liturgical garment in the measurement party supported, laterally open Kasel or worn as a shoulder mantle outside the measurement liturgy mozetta was modified.
Also known is the cappa magna of Catholic cardinals and bishops with a large train at the back . She was under Pope Pius XII. shortened for cardinals from twelve to six meters, for bishops from seven to 3.5 meters. The ermine fur collar , which could be worn with the cappa magna in the winter months , has been banned since the Caeremoniale episcoporum of 1984. The Cappa magna is rarely used today, but was worn again by individual cardinals, e.g. B. by Raymond Leo Burke . Cardinal Burke continues to wear the cappa magna, contrary to the liturgical regulations for the ordinary form of the Roman rite in the extraordinary form of the Roman rite , with ermine trimmings, as the clothing regulations that were in force in 1962 apply to this form of the liturgy, which has been permitted since 2007. The 1984 ban on ermine trimmings is therefore not relevant for cardinals and bishops who pontify in the extraordinary form of the rite .
See also
literature
- Joseph Braun : The liturgical paraments in the present and past. A manual of paramentics. Freiburg im Breisgau 1916, p. 203. Available online
- Pius XII. : Motuproprio Valde sollicite , 1952, in: Acta Apostolicae Sedis , Volume 44, 1952, number 17, pp. 849-850. Latin version available online (Pius ordered the capa's train to be shortened.)
- Sacra Congregazine Ceremoniale : Norme ceremoniali per gli eminentissimi signori cardinali. Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1943. Italian version available online .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Cappa. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Artemis Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-7608-8902-6 .
- ^ Ingrid Loschek : Reclam's fashion and costume lexicon , article "Zipfelmütze". 5th, exp. Ed., Reclam, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-15-010577-3 .
- ↑ Cardinal Burke in Ravenna in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe , YouTube video, December 13, 2017, accessed on January 26, 2019.
- ↑ Cardinal Burke in a procession, YouTube video, July 11, 2017, accessed January 26, 2019.
- ↑ domradio.de: Nothing but provocation? Debate about Cardinal Burke in the Cappa Magna , November 22, 2019.
Web links
- Definition of Cappa Magna (University of Münster)
- Meaning of the cappa magna in the liturgical context (New Liturgical Movement, English)