Cardiff class
 Deck view of the CHL Innovator
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The Cardiff class (English: Cardiff-class ), partly also 840er (English: 840's ), is a series of bulk carriers .
history
Conception and construction
The concept of the ship type took place in the late 1960s by the shipping company Sir William Reardon Smith from Cardiff. In cooperation with the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders shipyard group in Glasgow - from which the Govan Shipbuilders emerged in 1972 - a type of ship was developed that was particularly intended for use in the trade in steel from Europe to North America and wood as return cargo from the American Pacific coast. The shipping company Reardon Smith Line commissioned the first seven units of the ship type, another four construction orders came from the shipping company Irish Shipping from Dublin, with whom Reardon Smith operated the joint service Celtic Bulk Carriers from 1972 , to use their Cardiff-class ships as a fleet pool market. While the seven ships that were delivered to Reardon Smith between 1970 and 1972 were referred to as the 840 class, or 840 class for short, according to the build number of the first ship, the shipyard listed the type as the Cardiff class, based on the headquarters of the shipping company that placed the first order . The latter name has also become the more common name for the series. Four construction contracts came from a British-Norwegian shipping association consisting of Harrisons (Clyde), Ropner Management and the Norwegian shipping company Fred. Olsen's Blandford Shipping Company. Together they acquired the British shell company Cardigan Shipping Company, which was no longer operating, in whose name the two ships Norse Pilot and Norse Marshal were commissioned at the end of 1969, and later Norse Trader and Norse Herald . The company Harrisons (Clyde) took over their management . The Lyle Shipping Company commissioned two units of the ship type in 1970 that were 100% government funded. The two ships were only delivered in 1976 due to the interim bankruptcy of the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders. In addition to the four Irish Shipping units, orders from non-British shipping companies included two ships that were ordered by Det Østasiatiske Kompagni in Copenhagen and a series of five that was delivered to the Molave Bulk Carriers Company in Manila in 1976/77.
Bankruptcy and the "work-in"
During the construction of the first Cardiff class ships, the company went bankrupt in 1971. The necessary for the continuation of the company's loans of about six million £ pounds were from the Tory -Regierung under Edward Heath refused, which subsequently led to a special type of strike. Contrary to what everyone expected, the heads of the unions involved agreed instead of reacting in the form of a strike with a protest action called "work-in" in the language of the time and completing the ships under construction. In this way the workers hoped, on the one hand, to illustrate the shipyards' will to survive and to refute the accusation that the shipyard workers were work-shy, which was often made at the time, against the background of continuous strikes in the shipyards. The "protest by continuing to work" was organized in this way by the two shop stewards , Jimmy Reid and Jimmy Airlie, who both belonged to the Communist Party of Great Britain . Thanks to the strict organization of all shop stewards deployed on site by Reid and Airley, the protest went extremely well. To ensure that the shipyard workers made the best possible impression, Reid insisted on strict adherence to discipline. He instructed workers that there should be " no hooliganism, no vandalism and no bevvying " during the protest. Reid's tactic worked and public perception in the Glasgow area and beyond was on the side of the participating shipyard workers. The campaign was supported by demonstrations in Glasgow that were attended by up to 80,000 people. At one such demonstration, Tony Benn gave a speech to the attendees, and folk singer Matt McGinn and comedian Billy Connolly , both former shipyard workers, provided the entertainment part of the event. In February 1972 the Heath government finally gave in and let two of the shipyards, Yarrow Shipbuilders and Fairfield Shipbuilders , go back into operation. The bankrupt shipyard John Brown & Company was sold and was used to build oil drilling platforms until 2001. Two large shipyards remained in operation on the Upper Clyde, Yarrows and Govan Shipbuilders .
details
The series of the ship type consisted of a total of 31 units, which were built in several lots for various British and foreign shipping companies . During the construction period from 1969 to 1981, the design was further developed in detail, resulting in four development stages, Mark I to Mark IV . The reason was a design as open hatch bulk carrier is laid out Handysize -Bulkcarrier with aft bridge superstructures, five cargo holds and private cargo gear . The cargo space for grain cargoes - in which the side ballast tanks could also be used as cargo space - was 38,368 cubic meters, the bale volume was 31,729 cubic meters. In addition, a further 15,676 cubic meters of deck cargo could be stowed at a loading height of around six meters above the hatches. Initially, five electrohydraulic Hägglunds cranes, each with a lifting capacity of 15 tonnes, were installed for cargo handling with on-board equipment ; later buildings were also given more powerful cranes with a lifting capacity of 25 tonnes. The units were designed for the transport of various bulk goods and the transport of deck loads, such as wood. The tank roof of the cargo hold was reinforced for the transport of ore and certain rooms could be emptied with this type of cargo. The ship's propulsion system consisted of six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines from the Burmeister & Wain K series, some of which were supplied under license from JG Kincaid & Company from Greenock and some from Hitachi . The superstructures of the first ships were noticeably large and box-shaped, while later units were given a wheelhouse that was raised by one deck, and others were given significantly smaller deckhouses. Another distinguishing feature was the smooth outer walls of the superstructures of the early units compared to the outer walls of the superstructures of the later units, which were designed in an articulated bulkhead design.
While the majority of the ships were always used as bulk carriers, the CHL Innovator has been in service as a BiBo sugar carrier since its conversion in 1986 (these ships load sugar in bulk and fill the cargo in sacks during the voyage). A Turkish shipping company had two units converted into cement freighters during the 1990s .
Three of the ships sank during their service life, with the entire crew being killed in two cases. Another unit of the type was completely lost in a fire.
The ships
| Cardiff class / 840s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Building name | Shipyard / construction number |
IMO number | delivery | Client | Later names and whereabouts |
| Vancouver City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 840 | 7000164 | April 1970 | Reardon Smith | 1979 Stasia , 1985 Male , 1995 Male II , from July 1997 scrapped in India at Sanjay Trade Corporation |
| Prince Rupert City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 841 | 7014309 | March 23, 1970 | Reardon Smith | 1982 Yaqui , 1988 Singa Sky , 1988 Bao Lu , 2004 Zhong Nong Xin , 2005 Herun , 2007 He Yuan , 2009 Hua Kai , 2009 Run Tong 6 , so on |
| Victoria City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Clydebank / 843 | 7019256 | 1970 | Reardon Smith | 1983 Lacandon , 1988 Singa Swan , 1993 Monolima , canceled from 19 February 1996 at Agarwal Shipbreaking Industries in Kakinada |
| Fresno City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 844 | 7024536 | December 1970 | Reardon Smith | Olmeca , Singa Sailor , scrapped in China from June 28, 1994 |
| Norse pilot | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 113 | 7102364 | 17th September 1971 | Cardigan Shipping Harrisons (Clyde) |
1984 Homeric Dawn , 1989 Global Seahorse , 1994 Seahorse G. , 1996 Star Of Dubai , arrived at Zee International in Gadani Beach for demolition on December 22nd, 1996 |
| Norse Marshal | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 114 | 7108485 | 19th November 1971 | Cardigan Shipping Harrisons (Clyde) |
1985 Astro Carrier , 1987 Carrie , 1989 Glory Sky , 1993 Fotini , 1994 Paris , drifted at anchor onto the breakwater of the port of Constanța on January 4, 1995 and sank with all 27 crew members |
| New Westminster City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 115 | 7114719 | 1972 | Reardon Smith | 1983 Kassia , 1986 Fox , 1988 Singa Willranger , 1988 Norman Ranger , 1991 Singa Ranger , 1993 Myohyang 2 , 1998 Manpok , scrapped in Alang from December 1998 |
| Tacoma City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 116 | 7123538 | March 1972 | Reardon Smith | 1985 Bougainville , 1986 Rosebud , 1989 Rosaleen M. , 1991 Petalouda , 1993 Macforce , 1994 Force , 1996 Gokar , 1998 Gok , canceled from June 9, 1998 in Gadani Beach |
| Port Alberni City | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 130 | 7207669 | 1972 | Reardon Smith | 1984 Northern Valley , 1985 Vitaluck , 1994 Abdul Rahman S. , 1995 Ha Ni , 1996 An Da , 2000 scrapped in China |
| Irish Pine | Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, Govan / 126 | 7221225 | 1973 | Irish Shipping | 1983 Siganto AS , 1988 Singa Monica , 1990 Norman Hanne , 1991 Hanne , 1992 Christinaki , on 3rd / 4th February 1994 on a trip from Liverpool to Vera Cruz with scrap sunk about 240 nautical miles southwest of the coast of Cornwall in bad weather with the complete crew. |
| Irish Maple | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 127 | 7230513 | 1973 | Irish Shipping | 1984 Lepetane , 1987 Evina , 1987 Zachary , 1993 Arabella , from August 5, 1998 scrapped in Alang |
| Irish Oak | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 131 | 7304508 | 1973 | Irish Shipping | 1985 Alev , 1990 Alev K , Tahir Kiran , scrapped in Gadani Beach from July 28, 1997 |
| Irish Larch | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 132 | 7312294 | 1973 | Irish Shipping | 1982 Constantia , on July 18, 1984 on a trip from Akaba to Madras with phosphate, caught fire about 110 nautical miles from Aden and was later extinguished. Arrived in Kaohsiung in tow for demolition on January 3, 1985 |
| Golden Anne | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 201 | 7320215 | 1973 | World Pride Shipping | 1982 Zeynep K , converted into a cement freighter around 1996, arrived in Alang on November 5, 1998 for demolition |
| Golden Oriole | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 202 | 7328786 | 1973 | World Maritime | 1981 Star Oriole , 1982 Nazli K. , converted into a cement freighter in 1996, Glory Moon in 2002 , scrapped from February 19, 2011 |
| Harfleet | Scotstoun Marine, Scotstoun / 128 | 7306324 | June 27, 1973 | Gowland Steamship Company / J&C Harrison |
1979 Chi Grace , 1979 Atlas , 1981 Antacus , on July 16, 1984 on a journey from Antwerp to New Orleans in position 40.50 ° N; 025.05 ° W decreased |
| Harfleur | Scotstoun Marine, Scotstoun / 129C | 7330193 | December 24th 1973 | J&C Harrison / J&C Harrison |
1979 Chi Trust , 1980 Andromeda , 1981 Arion , 1986 Arhon , scrapped in Alang from November 18, 1999 |
| Norse Trader | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 203 | 7340928 | March 14, 1974 | Cardigan Shipping Harrisons (Clyde) |
1977 To Da Hai , deleted from the register since June 13, 2012 |
| Norse Herald | Scotstoun Marine, Scotstoun / 204 | 7341233 | September 12, 1974 | Cardigan Shipping Harrison's (Clyde) |
1974 Norse Carrier , 1981 Kefalonia Hope , 1982 Singa Wilmara , 1988 Norman Mariner , 1990 Mariner , 1992 Mari , 1993 Maria , 1995 Roksolana , 1996 Deborah , deleted from the register |
| Camara | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 213 | 7342433 | September 1975 | Det Østasiatiske Kompagni | 1981 Elpidoforos , 1988 Toxon II , 1990 Yun Feng Ling , 1997 Wintec , scrapped in China from July 2002 |
| Cinchona | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 214 | 7342445 | 1975 | Det Østasiatiske Kompagni | 1981 Anastasios , 1988 Nini , 1991 Ontario , 1995 Tari , 1995 Tari I , 1996 Caleta , 1998 Fotini , 1998 Tini , scrapped in Shanghai in 1998 |
| Cape Ortegal | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 215 | 7342457 | 1976 | Lyle Motorship Company, Glasgow | 1982 Kilmun , 1986 Esperanza V , Delena I , 1992 Vizcaya , 1993 Andaxios , 1998 Flag Maru , scrapped in Bombay from August 2, 2001 |
| Cape Rodney | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 216 | 7342469 | 1976 | Lyle Shipping Company, Glasgow | Rodney , converted into the sugar freighter CHL Innovator in 1986 , scrapped in Aliağa in 2019 |
| Baron Napier | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 217 | 7342471 | June 1976 | H Hogarth & Sons, Ardrossan | 1983 Anthippe L , 1990 Hira IV , 1992 Kale I , 1998 Silver Fish , 2003 Suisen , scrapped in Chittagong from April 16, 2003 |
| Baron Pentland | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 218 | 7342483 | June 1976 | H Hogarth & Sons, Glasgow | 1983 Evangelos L , 1990 Hua Zhen , no longer in the register since June 14, 2012 |
| Dona Hortencia II | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 222 | 7404700 | 1976 | Molave Bulk Carriers Company, Manila | 1985 Golden Empire , 1998 Well Speeder , sunk in bad weather on September 7, 1999 off Mauritius |
| Don Salvador III | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 223 | 7404712 | 1976 | Molave Bulk Carriers Company, Manila | Singa Sun , 1995 Star Glory , scrapped December 19, 2001 |
| Dona Magdalena | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 224 | 7404724 | 1976 | Molave Bulk Carriers Company, Manila | 1986 Singa Sea , broken in two and sank on July 4th, 1988 during bad weather in the Indian Ocean. 19 crew members were killed, six more were found in the lifeboat and recovered after just under a month |
| Dona Paz | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 225 | 7404736 | 1977 | Molave Bulk Carriers Company, Manila | Singa Saga , scrapped in 1998 |
| Lord Jellicoe | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 252 | 7928067 | April 10, 1981 | Liberty Maritime Agency | as Lord Curzon for Bishopgate Marine, 1983 Binsnes , 1989 Wani Falcon , 1991 Banak , 1993 Bamia , 1997 Pantelis P , 2007 Huyutec , 2009 Swift Splash , 2010 Haina Fountain , scrapped in Alang from March 2012 |
| Lord Byron | Govan Shipbuilders, Govan / 251 | 7928055 | 1981 | Liberty Maritime Agency | in motion for Bishopgate Marine (H. Scullard & Sons), 1983 Bolnes , 1989 Wani Bird , 1991 Balsa , 1997 Ioannis AP , 1998 John P , 2006 Harutec , 2008 Jin Hai Yuan , launched October 30, 2013, 2014 Jina , scrapped from June 12, 2014 |
| Data: Equasis, large tonnage | |||||
literature
- Middlemiss, Norman L .: British Shipbuilding Yards . Volume 2: Clydeside. 1st edition. Shield Publications, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1994, ISBN 1-871128-11-0 .
- Middlemiss, Norman L .: Travels of the Tramps . Twenty tramp fleets. 1st edition. Shield Publications, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1989, ISBN 1-871128-02-1 .
- Middlemiss, Norman L .: Travels of the Tramps . Volume II: Twenty tramp fleets. 1st edition. Shield Publications, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1991, ISBN 1-871128-02-1 .
- Heaton, PM: Reardon Smith Line . The History of a South Wales Shipping Venture. 1st edition. The Starling Press, Risca, Newport, Gwent 1984, ISBN 0-9507714-3-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry at reardonsmithships (English)
- ↑ The Singa Sea at Wrecksite (English)
- ↑ Equasis homepage (English)
- ↑ grosstonnage homepage (English)