Carl David Bouché

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Carl David Bouché (born June 4, 1809 in Berlin ; † September 27, 1881 there ; spelling also Karl David Bouché , David Karl Bouché , David Bouché jun. ) Was a German gardener , horticultural teacher, specialist book author, greenhouse designer and director of the Royal Botanical Garden Berlin , as well as painter. Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " CDBouché ".

life and work

The Great Palm House designed by Carl David Bouché and built in 1857/58 in the Berlin-Schöneberg Botanical Garden
Nymphaea × boucheana Planch. A cross by Carl David Bouché, around 1852/53. Named by Jules Emile Planchon . From: Charles Lemaire et al .: Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe , 1855

Carl David Bouché was a scion of the Berliner gardener - Dynasty Bouché . He was the son of Peter Carl Bouché and the father of Julius Bouché (1846–1922) and Friedrich Bouché (1850–1933).

He was the most famous botanist in the family.

From 1839 to 1843, Carl David Bouché initially worked as a gardener. In 1843 he was then appointed inspector (= technical director) of the Royal Botanical Garden in Berlin-Schöneberg . He held this office for over 30 years until his death in 1881. His successor was Wilhelm Perring .

He dealt particularly intensively with the development of greenhouses . He tried experimentally to find out the optimal construction and shape of iron greenhouses. He summarized his findings in a book that (apart from the work "Glass Houses of All Kinds" by Louis Neumann, 1842) is one of the basic manuals of the 19th century on greenhouse construction. It was only published in 1886 after his death by his son Julius Bouché , who himself built a greenhouse in the Bonn-Poppelsdorf Botanical Garden , which is heavily influenced by the Berlin house.

In this book he shows, among other things, plans and details of the Great Palm House (built 1857–1858) and the first Victoria regia house (built 1863) of the Royal Botanical Garden in Schöneberg.

This “Big Palm House” was already the second after the smaller wooden previous house built by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1821 was demolished in the same year due to rotting of the structural beams. The new house was constructed in an iron frame construction and consisted of cubic forms; it thus corresponded to the current, factual style of the time. Lower side wings were connected to the larger central section on both sides. It rested on a pile of earth that made it stand out from its surroundings. An axially arranged outside staircase led to the main entrance in the middle section. The main front of the house was oriented to the east, the rear of the main part was bricked with a work room and official apartments as well as the stairwell. The vertical glass surfaces and the simple glass shed roof were without decorations. The architecture and the construction principle were based on the Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton (built in 1850/51). The palm house was equipped with hot water heating.

The Victoria regia house, which was built in 1852 with the help of Bouché and made of a wood and glass construction, was demolished in 1882 and replaced by a new building.

Carl David Bouché worked alongside his service as general secretary of the Berlin Association for the Promotion of Horticulture. As such, he was secretary, editor and librarian. He was also active in gardening. His design for the churchyard of the Twelve Apostles has been preserved. He was also a teacher for horticulture and fruit growing at the agricultural teaching institute in Berlin .

He also worked intensively as a self-taught botanist. The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) recorded 61 entries for its botanical name tag CDBouché , including many Ficus TYPES like the ficus and other known houseplants. He crossed 16 new water lily hybrids ("Blendlinge"), including Nymphaea × boucheana Planch.

He also worked as a painter.

Works

  • Carl David Bouché: Practical Guide to Forcing the Onion Plants , Berlin, 1839
  • Carl David Bouché: Forcing flowers or practical instructions for the upbringing and care of the plants, which can be artificially brought to bloom from autumn to spring, both in greenhouses and in the room ...: A manual for gardeners and flower lovers; With four copper plates / after many years of own experience edited by Carl David Bouché ... , Berlin: Nicolai, 1842.
  • Carl David Bouché: Onion driving in the room , in: Eduard Oskar Schmidt, Ferdinand Herzog: The popular garden friend, or the art of growing all the flowers and vegetables known in Germany so far in the easiest and best way, and thereby closing the garden to make a source of benefit, recreation and pleasure: with ... [the] art of propagating pot plants and garden plants through sinkers, roots and stalks, a garden calendar and many gardening secrets for home gardeners for gardening and for extermination harmful Garden insects , 6th verb. Ed., Quedlinburg [u. a.]: Ernst, 1856.


literature

  • Carl David Bouché: Greenhouses like factories , in: Zandera, Jg. 17, 2002, No. 1, pp. 17-26.
  • Julius Bouché: Carl David Bouché (1809–1881) , in: Deutsche Gärtnerzeitung, vol. 6, 1882, pp. 77–79, 91f., 102–104.
  • Julius Bouché (ed.), Carl David Bouché (author): Building and setting up greenhouses: a manual for gardeners and builders , 2 volumes (text, atlas), Bonn: Emil Strauss, 1st edition 1886, 2nd edition [ under the title: Das Gewächshaus ] 1895.
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: The Berlin gardener family Bouché 1740-1933 , in: Erika Schmidt (Ed.): Garden - Art - History. Festschrift for Dieter Hennebo on his 70th birthday , Worms am Rhein: Werner, 1994, pp. 44–52, ISBN 3-88462-107-6 .
  • Georg Kohlmaier, Barna von Sartory: The glass house. A building type from the 19th century , 1981.
  • L. Wittmack: Carl David Bouché and the older Bouché family , in: Garten-Zeitung, 1, 1882, pp. 166–171.
  • Bernhard Zepernick, Friedrich K. Timler: Basics of the 300-year history of the Berlin Botanical Garden , in: Englera 1, 1979.
  • Frans A. Stafleu, Erik A. Mennega: Taxonomic literature. Supplement 2: Be – Bo , in: Regnum Vegetabile, 1993, p. 130.
  • Wilhelm Schalt:  Bouché, Jean David. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 491 ( digitized version ). (Mention in the genealogy)

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bouché, Carl David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bouché, Carl David; Bouché, Karl David; Bouché, David (jun.)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist, horticultural teacher, greenhouse designer, painter
DATE OF BIRTH June 4, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1881
Place of death Berlin