Friedrich Bouché

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Memorial plaque for Friedrich Bouché on his house in the Great Garden in Dresden

Johann Carl Friedrich Bouché , also: Johann Karl Friedrich Bouché (born July 6, 1850 in Schöneberg ; † March 11, 1933 in Dresden ) was a German garden architect , court advisor and royal Saxon gardening director .

Life

Friedrich Bouché was a scion of the Berlin gardening dynasty Bouché . He was the second son of Carl David Bouché ; his brother was Julius Bouché .

education

After an apprenticeship with his father in the Berlin Botanical Garden from 1866 to 1867, Bouché attended the Royal Gardening College at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam in the Wildlife Park Potsdam (graduation with “quite good”). He completed his practical lessons with the court gardeners Johann Heinrich Gustav Meyer and Morsch in the Potsdam Gardens. At the college founded by Peter Joseph Lenné he studied together with Max Bertram and Karl Hampel from 1868 to 1870.

From 1870 to 1872 he took over the design and execution of various gardens for Meyer, who was gardening director in Berlin at the time. In 1872 he passed the head gardener examination with Hofgarten director Ferdinand Jühlke with the grade “excellent good”.

Work in Dresden

Bouché family around 1900

On April 1, 1873, Friedrich Bouché - only 22 years young - moved to Dresden , where he was director of the Great Garden for almost fifty years. Under his leadership, the garden was given the appearance that it largely still has today. While maintaining many baroque basic structures, Bouché converted it into a landscape garden in the “mixed style” of the so-called “ Lenné Meyer School ”.

On January 1, 1895, he was appointed "Royal Obergarten Director" and thus had all the court gardens on the "Royal Civil List " under himself. These included the royal gardens in Dresden, at the Pillnitz , Moritzburg , Großsedlitz and Wermsdorf hunting lodges . He also took over the management of the gardens assigned to the tax authorities in the city of Dresden.

In 1906 Bouché was appointed councilor . After the end of the monarchy, from April 1, 1919, he was again given responsibility for the former royal gardens. He was forcibly retired in August 1922.

other activities

In addition to his work as the gardening director, Bouché was also active in various professional associations. He was a founding member of the Association of German Garden Artists (VdG, founded in 1887), which later became the German Society for Garden Art (DGfG). In 1899 he was made an honorary member. In addition, he had been a member of the Saxon Homeland Security Association since 1907 , where he campaigned for tree protection , for example.

He was also a member and from 1895 to 1922 first chairman of the Dresden horticultural society "Flora - Saxon Society for Botany and Horticulture ", from 1922 its honorary chairman. Here he even contributed indirectly to the creation of the famous Pillnitz azalea collection and gardening training center, because during the First World War the "Flora" received permission to store their azalea mother plants in the "New Royal Court Gardening of Pillnitz" completed in 1915. The family connections to the Dresden gardening dynasty Seidel also played a role here, as Bouché was married to Rosalie, the daughter of the gardener Hermann Seidel , a grandson of the court gardener Johann Heinrich Seidel . When the royal nursery was nationalized at the end of 1918 and more profitable crops such as vegetables were to be grown, Bouché, together with Ökonomierat Simmgen and Heinrich Seidel, sat down as chairman in 1921 in a specially founded “Kuratorium Sächsische Gartenbauschule Dresden-Laubegast” to use it instead as a site for Leverage science and training.

Friedrich Bouché died on March 11, 1933. In the spring of 2006, the city of Dresden installed a stele at his final resting place on the Trinitatisfriedhof (grave field E 1) .

Awards

The Friedrich-Bouché-Weg in Dresden is named after him.

Works

  • As early as 1873, Bouché presented the first plans to partially redesign the Great Garden. From 1878 to 1914, the multiple redesigns and its last significant expansion took place. While maintaining the basic baroque structures, the formerly cross-shaped baroque garden was transformed into a rectangular public park in a “mixed style” (so-called “Lenné Meyer School”). The parterres around the palace were changed from the Biedermeier style to carpet parterres, a rhododendron grove, a coniferous garden (= so-called white garden), new paths and playgrounds were created. As early as 1878 he included the so-called Strehlener fields in the south-east of the complex, and in 1879 the embankment of the Kaitzbach. From 1886 to 1895, the total area of ​​the Great Garden expanded to 30,000 square meters. Between 1890/91 and 1897 he acquired and designed around 15 hectares of meadow land (the so-called Grunaer Anlagen) from a private construction company for the expansion. The " Carolasee " (named after the Saxon queen and used as a gondola pond in summer and as an ice-skating rink in winter) was built on the enlarged site from 1881 to 1882 and 1886, while a former gravel pit was converted . Today the total area is approx. 180 hectares, excluding the zoo, botanical garden, the Transparent Factory and the exhibition area about 154 hectares.
  • 1875 Green design of Albertplatz in Dresden.
  • Renewal of the hedge quarters ("Charmillen"), new planting of the ground floor in the castle courtyard, new planting and management of the court gardening facility in Pillnitz (completed in 1915, later renamed as the state trial and example gardening facility in Pillnitz).
  • Redesign of the Obercunewalde estate park .
  • In 1887/88 he was probably responsible for the rebuilding of the park for the then also newly built Prohlis Castle of Johann Christian Freiherr von Kap-herr . Formerly one of the largest private gardens in Dresden (approx. 3 hectares), the area has today, neglected for decades, considerably reduced in size and changed, transformed into the “Prohlis Woods”. The castle was demolished in 1985 after an arson attack. Since the end of the 1990s, there has been an attempt to approximate the original basic structure after the property has been transferred back.
  • between 1880 and 1885: presumably also by him redesign of the park in Bischheim (between Pulsnitz and Kamenz) in the course of the palace expansion into a landscape park.
  • Involved in the organization and / or design of several international horticultural exhibitions in Dresden, such as the exhibition of 1887 , the Great German Art Exhibition Dresden in 1904, and the 3rd International Horticultural Exhibition in 1907.
  • He contributed several drafts to later editions of E. Levy's sample album of modern carpet gardening .

literature

  • Max Bertram, Johann Carl Friedrich Bouché, Karl Hampel (Eds.): Gärtnerische Plankammer , Book 1, Berlin: P. Parey, 1892. (Book 2: 1893, Book 4: 1894). (Contains very modern draft plans and detailed drawings by these Lenné Meyer students at the time. The plans for the Great Garden in Volume 1 are probably by Bouché, although they are not signed).
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: The Berlin gardener family Bouché 1740-1933 , in: Erika Schmidt (Ed.): Garden - Art - History. Festschrift for Dieter Hennebo on his 70th birthday , Worms am Rhein: Werner, 1994, pp. 44–52, ISBN 3-88462-107-6 (with further references).
  • Saxon palace administration (ed.): The large garden in Dresden. Garden art in four centuries , Dresden: Michel Sandstein Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-930382-51-2 .
  • Gert Gröning, Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn: Green biographies. Biographical handbook on landscape architecture of the 20th century in Germany , Berlin [u. a.]: Patzer, 1997, p. 49. ISBN 3-87617-089-3 . (with further references).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bouché, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bouché, Johann Karl Friedrich; Bouché, Johann Carl Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Garden architect, Royal Obergarten Director in Dresden
DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Schöneberg
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1933
Place of death Dresden